PURPOSE Endovascular interventions have become standard procedures for the therapy of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Therefore, endovascular surgeons need special skills which have to be learned and trained. Additionally, authentic simulators are needed for further development of new endovascular devices and procedures. The aim of this project was to develop an authentic and modular endovascular simulation environment with patient-specific vascular anatomy for training and research purposes. MATERIAL AND METHODS We first designed a prototype with exchangeable 3D-printed patient-specific vascular anatomy. Then, the feasibility of the prototype was validated by a simulation of an EVAR procedure in a clinical setting. RESULTS We developed an authentic endovascular simulator with an exchangeable patient-specific vascular anatomy and performed an EVAR procedure under realistic conditions. The evaluation of the accuracy of the vascular models showed little deviation when compared with the original CT data. CONCLUSION Endovascular simulators based on patient-specific 3D-printed vascular models can realistically mimic endovascular procedures and have the potential to be used for further development of new devices and grafts as well as for training purposes. Furthermore, in our opinion they can reduce the use of animals during developmental processes.

中文翻译：

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具有可互换的患者特定3D打印的血管解剖结构的血管内训练和研究环境的可行性：具有可互换的患者特定3D打印的血管解剖结构的模拟器用于血管内训练和研究。

目的腔内介入治疗已成为治疗腹主动脉瘤的标准程序。因此，血管内外科医生需要必须学习和训练的特殊技能。另外，需要真实的模拟器来进一步开发新的血管内装置和程序。该项目的目的是开发具有患者特定血管解剖结构的可靠的模块化血管内模拟环境，以进行培训和研究。材料和方法我们首先设计了具有可互换3D打印的患者特定血管解剖结构的原型。然后，通过在临床环境中模拟EVAR程序验证了原型的可行性。结果我们开发了具有可互换的患者特定血管解剖结构的真实血管内模拟器，并在实际条件下执行了EVAR程序。与原始CT数据相比，对血管模型准确性的评估显示出很小的偏差。结论基于患者特定的3D打印的血管模型的血管内模拟器可以真实地模拟血管内手术，并且有潜力用于进一步开发新设备和移植物以及用于培训目的。此外，我们认为它们可以减少动物在发育过程中的使用。结论基于患者特定的3D打印的血管模型的血管内模拟器可以真实地模拟血管内手术，并且有潜力用于进一步开发新设备和移植物以及用于培训目的。此外，我们认为它们可以减少动物在发育过程中的使用。结论基于患者特定的3D打印的血管模型的血管内模拟器可以真实地模拟血管内手术，并且有潜力用于进一步开发新设备和移植物以及用于培训目的。此外，我们认为它们可以减少动物在发育过程中的使用。