End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is described by four primary diagnoses, diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and cystic kidney disease, all of which have viruses implicated as causative agents. Enteroviruses, such as coxsackievirus (CV), are a common genus of viruses that have been implicated in both diabetes and cystic kidney disease; however, little is known about how CVs cause kidney injury and ESRD or predispose individuals with a genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) to kidney injury. This study evaluated kidney injury resulting from coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) inoculation of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice to glean a better understanding of how viral exposure may predispose individuals with a genetic susceptibility to T1D to kidney injury. The objectives were to assess acute and chronic kidney damage in CVB4-inoculated NOD mice without diabetes. Results indicated the presence of CVB4 RNA in the kidney for at least 14 days post-CVB4 inoculation and a coordinated pattern recognition receptor response, but the absence of an immune response or cytotoxicity. CVB4-inoculated NOD mice also had a higher propensity to develop an increase in mesangial area 17 weeks post-CVB4 inoculation. These studies identified initial gene expression changes in the kidney resulting from CVB4 exposure that may predispose to ESRD. Thus, this study provides an initial characterization of kidney injury resulting from CVB4 inoculation of mice that are genetically susceptible to developing T1D that may one day provide better therapeutic options and predictive measures for patients who are at risk for developing kidney disease from T1D.

中文翻译：

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柯萨奇病毒 B4 暴露导致糖尿病发生前雌性非肥胖糖尿病小鼠肾脏中的可变模式识别反应。

终末期肾病 (ESRD) 有四种主要诊断，即糖尿病、高血压、肾小球肾炎和囊性肾病，所有这些疾病都与病毒有关。肠道病毒，例如柯萨奇病毒 (CV)，是与糖尿病和囊性肾病有关的常见病毒属；然而，关于 CV 如何导致肾损伤和 ESRD 或使具有 1 型糖尿病 (T1D) 遗传易感性的个体易患肾损伤的知识知之甚少。本研究评估了非肥胖糖尿病 (NOD) 小鼠接种柯萨奇病毒 B4 (CVB4) 引起的肾损伤，以更好地了解病毒暴露如何使具有 T1D 遗传易感性的个体易患肾损伤。目的是评估没有糖尿病的 CVB4 接种 NOD 小鼠的急性和慢性肾损伤。结果表明，在接种 CVB4 后至少 14 天，肾脏中存在 CVB4 RNA，并且存在协调的模式识别受体反应，但不存在免疫反应或细胞毒性。在接种 CVB4 后 17 周，接种 CVB4 的 NOD 小鼠也有更高的系膜面积增加倾向。这些研究确定了可能易患 ESRD 的 CVB4 暴露引起的肾脏初始基因表达变化。因此，