PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to assess how neurobehavioral symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may differ based on gender and the experience of nightmares. Research Method/Design: This cross-sectional study of community-dwelling adults ≥ 3 months post-TBI (n = 110) assessed differences in neurobehavioral symptoms between women (n = 41) and men (n = 69) by experience of nightmares. Outcome measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool subscales for negative affect, substance abuse, executive functioning, fatigue, impulsivity, and maladaptive coping. RESULTS N = 22 participants (n = 7 women, n = 15 men) experienced nightmares at least "sometimes" over the past 2 weeks. Nightmares were associated with more substance abuse, negative affect, fatigue, maladaptive coping, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms (ps < .02). Women reported more negative affect, maladaptive coping, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms (ps < .05) than men. Men experiencing nightmares reported more substance use than men without nightmares (p = .036), a difference not seen in women (p = .233). Women experiencing nightmares reported more impulsivity than women without nightmares (p = .028), a difference not seen in men (p = .559). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Nightmares, post-TBI, are associated with more neurobehavioral symptoms. However, symptom patterns associated with nightmares may differ by gender. Nightmares may be a symptom of, or contribute to, sleep disruptions post-TBI or may indicate other conditions, like posttraumatic stress disorder. Future research should examine gender differences in neurobehavioral symptoms post-TBI in the context of nightmares and/or sleep disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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不同性别的神经行为症状和创伤性脑损伤后的噩梦经历。

目的/目的 本研究的目的是评估创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 后的神经行为症状可能因性别和噩梦经历而异。研究方法/设计：这项对 TBI 后 ≥ 3 个月的社区成人（n = 110）进行的横断面研究评估了女性（n = 41）和男性（n = 69）在做噩梦时神经行为症状的差异。结果测量包括患者健康问卷 9、广泛性焦虑症 7 和行为评估筛查工具的负面影响、药物滥用、执行功能、疲劳、冲动和适应不良应对的子量表。结果 N = 22 名参与者（n = 7 名女性，n = 15 名男性）在过去 2 周内至少“有时”经历过噩梦。噩梦与更多的药物滥用有关，消极情绪、疲劳、适应不良、抑郁症状和焦虑症状 (ps < .02)。与男性相比，女性报告了更多的负面影响、适应不良的应对、抑郁症状和焦虑症状 (ps < .05)。经历过噩梦的男性报告的物质使用量比没有做噩梦的男性多 (p = .036)，这一差异在女性中未见 (p = .233)。经历过噩梦的女性比没有做过噩梦的女性报告的冲动性更强 (p = .028)，这一差异在男性中没有发现 (p = .559)。结论/影响 TBI 后的噩梦与更多的神经行为症状有关。然而，与噩梦相关的症状模式可能因性别而异。噩梦可能是 TBI 后睡眠中断的症状或促成因素，也可能表明其他情况，如创伤后应激障碍。未来的研究应该检查在噩梦和/或睡眠障碍的背景下，TBI 后神经行为症状的性别差异。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。