Abstract Frequent and intense interactions between individuals inevitably occur in crowd disasters. Previous studies indicate that the primary risk evaluation parameters for individuals in crowds during these interactions are exerted force and its duration. In this study, a series of controlled laboratory experiments simulating static and fluctuant loads were conducted to obtain real-time exerted force data and the associated individual subjective feelings. An individual risk evaluation method is then established to assign a specific individual risk value to each data set of exerted force and its duration according to the individuals’ feelings. This method divides the range of risk value into three zones: comfortable zone, uncomfortable zone and crisis zone. The transition from an uncomfortable zone to crisis zone is not a single numerical value but a range that considers individual differences. The method presented in this paper can assist in developing pedestrian simulation models as well as managing crowd events. Practitioner summary: Accident surveys indicate that casualties and injuries usually occur under a long-term static load or heavy dynamic load. We tested human body extrusion experiments in four conditions, measured the real-time load intensity and duration of the individual’s action on the thoracic cavity during the mutual extrusion process, and an individual risk evaluation method has been established based on the force exerted on the body and its duration to prevent crowd disasters. Abbreviations: NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology; IREM: individual risk evaluation method; CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation

中文翻译：

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基于外力和人类感知的人群个体风险实验研究

摘要 人群灾害中不可避免地会发生个体之间频繁而激烈的互动。先前的研究表明，在这些交互过程中，人群中个人的主要风险评估参数是施加的力及其持续时间。在这项研究中，进行了一系列模拟静态和波动载荷的受控实验室实验，以获得实时施加的力数据和相关的个人主观感受。然后建立个体风险评估方法，根据个体的感受为每个施加的力及其持续时间的数据集分配特定的个体风险值。该方法将风险值的范围划分为三个区域：舒适区、不舒适区和危机区。从不舒服区到危机区的过渡不是一个单一的数值，而是一个考虑个体差异的范围。本文提出的方法可以帮助开发行人模拟模型以及管理人群事件。从业者总结：事故调查表明，伤亡事故通常发生在长期静载荷或重动载荷下。我们测试了四种情况下的人体挤压实验，实时测量了相互挤压过程中个体对胸腔作用的负荷强度和持续时间，并建立了基于施加在身体上的力的个体风险评估方法。以及防止人群灾害的持续时间。缩写词：NIST：美国国家标准与技术研究所；雷姆：个体风险评估方法；CPR：心肺复苏