Stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and pluripotent stem cells, have attracted considerable attention in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine primarily because of their unique ability in self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. However, stem cells also have important secretory functions that form a specialized in vivo microenvironment and direct tissue development and regeneration. Extracellular matrices (ECMs) derived from stem cells retain the functional properties of their native environment and exhibit unique signaling that mediates stem cell self-renewal and lineage commitment. Stem cell-derived ECMs (scECMs) also have tunable properties corresponding to their developmental stages, suggesting that their lineage- and developmental specificity can be engineered for a wide range of applications. Hence, there is a growing interest in reconstructing stem cell microenvironment through decellularization and obtaining decellularized matrices that exhibit unique biological properties. This article summarizes recent advances in the use and understanding of scECMs. Moreover, future directions to extend the spectrum of applications of stem-derived ECMs in tissue engineering by comprehensively elucidating and engineering their regulatory function is highlighted.

中文翻译：

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工程干细胞衍生的细胞外基质：脱细胞、表征和生物功能。

干细胞，包括间充质干细胞和多能干细胞，因其独特的自我更新和多向分化能力而在组织工程和再生医学领域引起了广泛关注。然而，干细胞也具有重要的分泌功能，在体内形成专门的微环境和直接组织发育和再生。源自干细胞的细胞外基质 (ECM) 保留了其天然环境的功能特性，并表现出介导干细胞自我更新和谱系承诺的独特信号传导。干细胞衍生的 ECM (scECM) 还具有与其发育阶段相对应的可调特性，这表明它们的谱系和发育特异性可以设计用于广泛的应用。因此，人们对通过脱细胞重建干细胞微环境和获得具有独特生物学特性的脱细胞基质越来越感兴趣。本文总结了使用和理解 scECM 的最新进展。而且，