Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two developmental disorders that affect children worldwide, and are linked to both genetic and environmental factors. This study aims to investigate the levels of lead, manganese, and zinc in each of ASD, ADHD, and ASD with comorbid ADHD in Syrian children born or grown during the Syrian crisis. Lead and manganese were measured in the whole blood, and zinc was measured in the serum in 31 children with ASD, 29 children with ADHD, and 11 children with ASD with comorbid ADHD (ASD-C) compared with 30 healthy children, their ages ranged between 3 and 12 years. Blood lead levels were higher in the groups of ASD-C (245.42%), ASD (47.57%), and ADHD (14.19%) compared with control. Lead levels were significantly higher in children with ASD in the age of 5 or less compared with control, and they were also higher in the male ASD compared with females (P = 0.001). Blood manganese levels were lower in the groups of ASD-C (10.35%), ADHD (9.95%, P = 0.026), and ASD (9.64%, P = 0.046). However, serum zinc levels were within the reference range in all groups of study. Lead and manganese were positively correlated with each other (P = 0.01). Lead increase and manganese decrease may associate with the incidence of ASD, ADHD, or the co-occurrence of both of them together. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between metal levels and the co-occurrence of ASD and ADHD together.

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是影响全世界儿童的两种发育障碍，与遗传和环境因素相关。这项研究旨在调查在叙利亚危机期间出生或成长的叙利亚儿童中，ASD，ADHD和ASD与合并症ADHD中铅，锰和锌的含量。与30例健康儿童相比，对31例ASD儿童，29例ADHD儿童和11例ASD合并症ADHD（ASD-C）儿童的全血中铅和锰进行了测定，血清中锌的含量也进行了比较。 3至12年之间。与对照组相比，ASD-C（245.42％），ASD（47.57％）和ADHD（14.19％）组的血铅水平更高。P  = 0.001）。ASD-C（10.35％），ADHD（9.95％，P  = 0.026）和ASD（9.64％，P  = 0.046）组的血锰水平较低。但是，所有研究组的血清锌水平均在参考范围内。铅和锰之间呈正相关（P  = 0.01）。铅的增加和锰的减少可能与ASD，ADHD或两者同时发生有关。需要进一步的研究以检查金属水平与ASD和ADHD共同存在之间的关系。