The production of tilapia Oreochromis spp. is rapidly growing throughout the world, but atypical motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS) is a current threat to the tilapia farming industry. The etiological agent of this disease is usually Aeromonas hydrophila. Mortality rates due to MAS are frequently high, resulting in a devastating negative impact on this industry worldwide; therefore, proper control measures regarding both prevention and treatment are necessary. Although vaccines against MAS for tilapia are available, their effectiveness is entirely dependent on the specific strain of problematic bacteria. Until now, whole-cell inactivated A. hydrophila vaccines for tilapia have exhibited the highest level of protection over live attenuated and recombinant vaccines. Among the various vaccine administration systems, only intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the A. hydrophila vaccine into tilapia were found to provide prominent immune protection. Vaccine efficacy was primarily measured by using the i.p. injection challenge model and estimating the relative percent survival of the immunized tilapia. Freund's incomplete adjuvant showed to be the most effective for tilapia MAS vaccines. In this review, multiple factors that directly or indirectly influence the efficacy of MAS vaccines for tilapia (adjuvants, challenge models, immunization doses and duration, and size of vaccinated fish) are discussed.

中文翻译：

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罗非鱼对运动性气单胞菌败血症的疫苗接种：综述

罗非鱼 Oreochromis spp 的生产。世界范围内正在迅速增长，但非典型运动气单胞菌败血症 (MAS) 是目前对罗非鱼养殖业的威胁。这种疾病的病原体通常是嗜水气单胞菌。MAS 导致的死亡率通常很高，对全球该行业造成毁灭性的负面影响；因此，有必要在预防和治疗方面采取适当的控制措施。尽管针对罗非鱼的 MAS 疫苗可用，但其有效性完全取决于有问题的细菌的特定菌株。迄今为止，用于罗非鱼的全细胞灭活嗜水链球菌疫苗比减毒活疫苗和重组疫苗具有最高水平的保护作用。在各种疫苗给药系统中，只有腹膜内（ip ) 发现将嗜水曲霉疫苗注射到罗非鱼中可提供显着的免疫保护。疫苗效力主要通过使用腹腔注射激发模型和估计免疫罗非鱼的相对存活百分比来测量。弗氏不完全佐剂被证明对罗非鱼 MAS 疫苗最有效。在这篇综述中，讨论了直接或间接影响 MAS 罗非鱼疫苗效力的多个因素（佐剂、攻击模型、免疫剂量和持续时间以及接种鱼的大小）。s 不完全佐剂被证明对罗非鱼 MAS 疫苗最有效。在这篇综述中，讨论了直接或间接影响 MAS 罗非鱼疫苗效力的多个因素（佐剂、攻击模型、免疫剂量和持续时间以及接种鱼的大小）。s 不完全佐剂被证明对罗非鱼 MAS 疫苗最有效。在这篇综述中，讨论了直接或间接影响 MAS 罗非鱼疫苗效力的多个因素（佐剂、攻击模型、免疫剂量和持续时间以及接种鱼的大小）。