Background The effect of ketogenic diets (KD) on body composition in different populations has been investigated. More recently, some have recommended that athletes adhere to ketogenic diets in order to optimize changes in body composition during training. However, there is less evidence related to trained women. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a KD on body composition and strength in trained women following an eight-week resistance training (RT) program. Methods Twenty-one strength-trained women (27.6 ± 4.0 years; 162.1 ± 6.6 cm; 62.3 ± 7.8 kg; 23.7 ± 2.9 kg·m − 2 ) were randomly assigned to either a non-KD group ( n = 11, NKD) or a KD group ( n = 10, KD). Study outcomes included body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), strength levels measured using one maximum repetition (RM) in back squat and bench press (BP), and countermovement jump (CMJ) measured on a force plate. Results A significant reduction in fat mass was observed in KD (− 1.1 ± 1.5 kg; P = 0.042; d = − 0.2) but not in NDK (0.3 ± 0.8 kg; P = 0.225; d = 0.1). No significant changes in fat-free mass were observed in KD (− 0.7 ± 1.7 kg; P = 0.202; d = − 0.1) or NKD (0.7 ± 1.1 kg; P = 0.074; d = 0.2), but absolute changes favored NKD. No significant changes in BP were observed in KD (1.5 ± 4.6 kg; P = 0.329; d = 0.2), although significant changes were noted in the squat and CMJ (5.6 ± 7.6 kg; P = 0.045; d = 0.5 and 1.7 ± 1.9 cm; P = 0.022; d = 0.6, respectively). In contrast, NKD showed significant increases in BP (4.8 ± 1.8; P < 0.01; d = 0.7), squat (15.6 ± 5.4 kg; P = 0.005; d = 1.4) and CMJ (2.2 ± 1.7 cm; P = 0.001; d = 0.5). Conclusions Findings indicate that a KD may help to decrease fat mass and maintain fat-free mass after eight 8 weeks of RT in trained-women but is suboptimal for increasing fat-free mass.

中文翻译：

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生酮饮食对受过训练的女性身体成分和力量的影响

背景研究了生酮饮食 (KD) 对不同人群身体成分的影响。最近，一些人建议运动员坚持生酮饮食，以优化训练期间身体成分的变化。然而，与受过训练的女性相关的证据较少。我们旨在评估 KD 对经过八周阻力训练 (RT) 计划的受过训练的女性的身体成分和力量的影响。方法 21 名接受过力量训练的女性（27.6 ± 4.0 岁；162.1 ± 6.6 cm；62.3 ± 7.8 kg；23.7 ± 2.9 kg·m - 2）被随机分配到非 KD 组（n = 11，NKD）或 KD 组（n = 10，KD）。研究结果包括通过双能 X 射线吸收测定法 (DXA) 测量的身体成分，在深蹲和卧推 (BP) 中使用最大重复次数 (RM) 测量的力量水平，以及在测力板上测量的反向跳跃 (CMJ)。结果 在 KD 中观察到脂肪量显着减少 (- 1.1 ± 1.5 kg; P = 0.042; d = - 0.2) 但在 NDK (0.3 ± 0.8 kg; P = 0.225; d = 0.1) 中没有观察到 在 KD (- 0.7 ± 1.7 kg; P = 0.202; d = - 0.1) 或 NKD (0.7 ± 1.1 kg; P = 0.074; d = 0.2) 中未观察到无脂肪质量的显着变化，但绝对变化有利于 NKD . 尽管在深蹲和 CMJ 中观察到显着变化（5.6 ± 7.6 kg；P = 0.045；d = 0.5 和 1.7 ± 1.9 厘米；分别为 P = 0.022；d = 0.6）。相比之下，NKD 显示 BP（4.8 ± 1.8；P < 0.01；d = 0.7）、深蹲（15.6 ± 5.4 kg；P = 0.005；d = 1.4）和 CMJ（2.2 ± 1.7 cm；P = 0.001； d = 0.5）。