Granzyme B is known to be a serine protease contained in granules of cytotoxic T cells. We have previously reported an influence of granzyme B expression in T regulatory cells (Tregs) on the risk of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) onset. However, it is still unknown if conventional T cells (Tcon) use the granzyme B pathway as a mechanism of alloimmunity. We hypothesized that granzyme B in Tcon may affect recurrence within the first 6 months after allogeneic transplantation (allo-HSCT). A total of 65 patients with different hematological malignancies were included in this study. Blood samples were collected on day +30 after allo-HSCT. The percentage of granzyme B positive conventional T cells in patients who developed relapse in the first 6 months after allo-HSCT was 11.3 (4.5-35.3) compared to the others in continuous complete remission-1.3 (3.65-9.7), р = 0.011. The risk of relapse after allo-HSCT was in 3.9 times higher in patients with an increased percentage of granzyme B positive conventional T cells. The findings demonstrated that the percentage of granzyme B positive conventional T cells on day +30 after allo-HSCT could be a predictable marker of relapse within the first 6 months after allo-HSCT.

中文翻译：

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常规 CD4+ T 细胞中颗粒酶 B 的高表达与血液系统恶性肿瘤患者异基因干细胞移植后复发增加有关。

已知颗粒酶 B 是细胞毒性 T 细胞颗粒中所含的丝氨酸蛋白酶。我们之前报道了 T 调节细胞 (Tregs) 中颗粒酶 B 表达对急性移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD) 发病风险的影响。然而，目前尚不清楚常规 T 细胞 (Tcon) 是否使用颗粒酶 B 途径作为同种免疫机制。我们假设 Tcon 中的颗粒酶 B 可能会影响同种异体移植 (allo-HSCT) 后前 6 个月内的复发。本研究共纳入 65 名患有不同血液系统恶性肿瘤的患者。在allo-HSCT后+30天收集血样。在 allo-HSCT 后的前 6 个月内出现复发的患者中颗粒酶 B 阳性常规 T 细胞的百分比为 11.3 (4.5-35.3) 与其他连续完全缓解 1 相比。3 (3.65-9.7), р = 0.011。在颗粒酶 B 阳性常规 T 细胞百分比增加的患者中，allo-HSCT 后复发的风险高出 3.9 倍。研究结果表明，allo-HSCT 后 +30 天颗粒酶 B 阳性常规 T 细胞的百分比可能是 allo-HSCT 后前 6 个月内复发的可预测标志物。