Spatial updating of self-to-object spatial relations may be performed online or offline. The set size effects in spatial updating are generally considered as a benchmark for indicating which updating strategy is used. Online updating is associated with transient egocentric representations and the presence of set size effects, whereas offline updating is associated with enduring allocentric representations and the absence of set size effects. In the present study, the updating strategy and the available spatial representations in updating were manipulated factorially. In a working memory (WM) paradigm, observers briefly learned a new layout of objects in each trial such that only the transient spatial representation was available during updating, whereas in a reference memory (RM) paradigm, observers learned the same layout of objects across trials such that both transient and enduring representations were available in updating. In both paradigms, observers were instructed to update online or offline. Set size effects showed up only in the WM paradigm but disappeared in the RM paradigm, regardless of the updating strategy. These results suggest that both updating strategies will produce set size effects if they use transient representations alone and that set size effects can be eliminated as long as enduring representations are used. These findings challenge the 2-system theories of spatial updating by showing that although online updating is naturally associated with transient spatial presentations, whereas offline updating is naturally associated with enduring representations, these default associations can be switched under manipulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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空间更新中的集大小效应独立于在线/离线更新策略。

自我-对象空间关系的空间更新可以在线或离线执行。空间更新中的集合大小效应通常被视为指示使用哪种更新策略的基准。在线更新与瞬时自我中心表示和设置的大小效果的存在相关，而离线更新与持久的同心轴表示和没有设置大小的效果相关。在本研究中，对更新策略和更新中可用的空间表示进行了因子处理。在工作记忆（WM）范例中，观察者在每次试验中简要了解了对象的新布局，以便在更新期间仅可以使用瞬时空间表示，而在参考记忆（RM）范例中，观察者在整个试验中了解到相同的对象布局，以便在更新中可以使用瞬时表示和持久表示。在这两种范式中，都指示观察员在线或离线更新。集大小效应仅在WM范式中出现，而在RM范式中消失，无论更新策略如何。这些结果表明，如果两种更新策略单独使用瞬态表示，它们都会产生集合大小效果，并且只要使用持久表示，就可以消除集合大小效果。这些发现通过证明尽管在线更新自然与瞬态空间表示相关联，而离线更新自然与持久的表示相关联，却对两系统空间更新理论提出了挑战，这些默认关联可以在操纵下切换。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。