The field of macrophage biology has made enormous progress over recent years. This was triggered by the advent of several new techniques such as the establishment of Cre/loxP-based transgenic mouse models that allowed for the first time delineation of the ontogeny and function of specific macrophage populations across many tissues. In addition, the introduction of new high-throughput technologies like bulk RNA sequencing and later single-cell RNA sequencing as well as advances in epigenetic analysis have helped to establish gene expression profiles, enhancer landscapes and local signaling cues that define and shape the identity of diverse macrophage populations. Nonetheless, some macrophage populations, like the ones residing in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), have not been studied in such detail yet. Here, we discuss recent studies that shed new light on the ontogeny, heterogeneity and gene expression profiles of resident macrophages in peripheral nerves and described differential activation of macrophage subsets during and after acute sciatic nerve injury.

中文翻译：

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外周神经系统巨噬细胞的起源、命运和功能——更新。

近年来，巨噬细胞生物学领域取得了巨大进步。这是由几种新技术的出现引发的，例如建立基于 Cre/loxP 的转基因小鼠模型，该模型允许首次描绘跨许多组织的特定巨噬细胞群的个体发育和功能。此外，新的高通量技术的引入，如批量 RNA 测序和后来的单细胞 RNA 测序，以及表观遗传分析的进步，有助于建立基因表达谱、增强子景观和局部信号线索，从而定义和塑造不同的巨噬细胞群。尽管如此，一些巨噬细胞群，如位于外周神经系统 (PNS) 中的巨噬细胞群，尚未得到如此详细的研究。这里，