Female stag beetles (Lucanidae) possess internal mycangia to maintain microbial cultures. Yeasts from these mycangia may help with larval nutrition in nutrient poor woody substrates, but only a few Lucanidae taxa have been studied and all reports originate from Europe and Asia. We identify the first mycangial yeasts of a South African endemic Lucanidae beetle, Xiphodontus antilope, using nuclear ribosomal RNA and ITS DNA sequence data. In addition we identified yeasts from the larval gut, fecal matter, frass and woody substrate surrounding larvae and pupae. The mycangium of X. antilope was confined to females and is structurally similar to all other Lucanidae. Unlike most Lucanidae that seemingly associate with single species of yeast, or whose mycangia contain yeast monocultures, three yeast species were commonly isolated from X. antilope. Scheffersomyces coipomoensis was the most numerically dominant species on most substrates and in most individuals, but a second, undescribed, Scheffersomyces species was present in high numbers. A third species, also undescribed and unrelated to Scheffersomyces, was recovered from all mycangia but could not be detected in the larval gut, fecal matter, frass or woody substrates. We confirm a close association of Scheffersomyces yeasts with Lucanidae globally, but other taxa may also be involved. We show that the predominant mycangial yeasts also form the predominant yeasts within the larval gut and the woody substrates around the larvae and pupae. This combined external and internal colonization by the same yeasts may provide enhanced opportunities for nutrient acquisition, but this needs validation in future studies.

雌性鹿角甲虫（Lucanidae）具有内部的真菌病，可以维持微生物的培养。这些霉菌病中的酵母可能有助于营养不良的木质底物中的幼虫营养，但仅研究了少数Lucanidae种类，所有报道均来自欧洲和亚洲。我们使用核糖核糖体RNA和ITS DNA序列数据鉴定了南非地方性Lucanidae甲虫Xiphodontus antilope的第一个酵母菌酵母。此外，我们从幼虫肠道，粪便，草皮和幼虫和p周围的木质基质中鉴定出了酵母。的mycangium X.羚羊只限于雌性，在结构上与所有其他Lucanidae相似。与大多数看似与单一酵母种类有关或其支原体含有酵母单培养物的大多数Luc科不同，通常从羚羊X.中分离出三种酵母菌种。在大多数底物上和大多数个体中，Coeffomoensis的Scheffersomyces coipomoensis是数量上最占优势的物种，但第二个未描述的Scheffersomyces物种却大量存在。从所有的肌瘤中也发现了第三种，也未描述且与舍弗氏菌无关的物种，但在幼虫的肠，粪便，草皮或木质基质中未发现。我们证实了舍弗氏菌的紧密联系酵母与全球范围内的Lucanidae，但也可能涉及其他类群。我们表明，主要的真菌酵母菌还形成了幼虫肠道内的主要酵母菌以及幼虫和p周围的木质底物。同一酵母在外部和内部的定殖相结合可能会增加营养获取的机会，但这需要在未来的研究中进行验证。