Industrial development, along with the rapid growth of the economy, has greatly improved the quality of life in humans. Moreover, advancements in medical technology have increased life expectancy. Small particles increase airway inflammation when they penetrate the alveoli. We observed that GHX02 decreased the frequency and delayed the onset time of citric acid-induced coughing in guinea pigs. A phenol red secretion assay indicated that the GHX02 extract exhibits potent expectorant activity. The GHX02 extract also greatly reduced leukocyte levels. Our results indicate that GHX02 inhibits airway inflammation, reduces sputum production, and relieves cough. The GHX02 extract suppressed histamine release from mast cells resulting from compound 48/80-induced degranulation. The extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and significantly inhibited the formation of LTC4. At high concentrations, the GHX02 extract suppressed the formation of PGE2 (prostaglandin E2). Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 levels decreased with an increasing dosage of GHX02. Oral administration of the GHX02 extract suppressed PM₁₀D-induced inflammatory symptoms in the lung, including increased alveolar wall thickness, accumulation of collagen fibers, and cytokine release. Treatment with the GHX02 extract also resulted in lower levels of inflammatory cells, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue. Our results indicate that GHX02 may be a useful therapeutic agent for treatment of respiratory diseases.

中文翻译：

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GHX02提取物对微粒引起的肺损伤的保护作用。

工业发展以及经济的快速增长极大地改善了人类的生活质量。此外，医疗技术的进步提高了预期寿命。小颗粒穿透肺泡会加剧气道炎症。我们观察到GHX02降低了柠檬酸引起的豚鼠咳嗽的频率并延迟了其发作时间。酚红分泌测定表明，GHX02提取物表现出有效的祛痰活性。GHX02提取物还大大降低了白细胞水平。我们的结果表明，GHX02抑制气道炎症，减少痰液生成并缓解咳嗽。GHX02提取物抑制了由化合物48/80诱导的脱粒作用导致的肥大细胞中组胺的释放。提取物表现出抗微生物活性肺炎链球菌并显着抑制LTC4的形成。在高浓度下，GHX02提取物抑制了PGE2（前列腺素E2）的形成。白细胞介素（IL）-4和IL-13水平随GHX02剂量的增加而降低。口服GHX02提取物可抑制PM ₁₀ D诱导的肺部炎症症状，包括肺泡壁厚度增加，胶原纤维积聚和细胞因子释放。GHX02提取物的处理还导致支气管肺泡灌洗液和肺组织中的炎症细胞水平降低。我们的结果表明，GHX02可能是治疗呼吸系统疾病的有用治疗剂。