Abstract

Fuel oxygenates (FOs) are mainly ethers or alcohols which are added to gasoline either to boost the octane number or to make the fuel burning process more “cleaner” with increasing the oxygen content, or to obtain a combination of both effects. FOs are water soluble with high mobility in the environment which presence even at very low concentrations lower the quality of water making it unsafe or unpleasant due to their objectionable taste and/or odor. Thus, their determination at trace in environmental samples is of high importance because of their sparingly biodegradability and their biological hazards. Instruments such as gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ion mobility spectrometry are mainly used for the determination of FOs. However, the main challenge for determination of such oxygenates relates to proper sample preparation. Dilute or complex samples often demand a specific treatment to ensure effective enrichment of FOs before their detection. The main techniques used for this purpose are purge and trap, membrane extraction, and solid phase microextraction. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of extraction/preconcentration techniques and analytical methods for determination of FOs in environmental samples. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in details along with critical evaluation of currently available methods.

摘要

燃料含氧物 (FO) 主要是醚或醇，它们被添加到汽油中以提高辛烷值或通过增加氧含量使燃料燃烧过程更加“清洁”，或者获得两种效果的组合。FOs 是水溶性的，在环境中具有高流动性，即使在非常低的浓度下也会降低水的质量，由于其令人讨厌的味道和/或气味而使其不安全或令人不快。因此，它们在环境样品中的痕量测定非常重要，因为它们具有少量的生物降解性和生物危害。气相色谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和离子迁移谱仪等仪器主要用于测定 FO。然而，测定此类含氧化合物的主要挑战与正确的样品制备有关。稀释或复杂的样品通常需要进行特定处理，以确保在检测前有效富集 FO。用于此目的的主要技术是吹扫捕集、膜萃取和固相微萃取。本综述对用于测定环境样品中 FO 的提取/预浓缩技术和分析方法进行了全面评估。详细讨论了每种方法的优缺点以及对当前可用方法的批判性评估。和固相微萃取。本综述对用于测定环境样品中 FO 的提取/预浓缩技术和分析方法进行了全面评估。详细讨论了每种方法的优缺点以及对当前可用方法的批判性评估。和固相微萃取。本综述对用于测定环境样品中 FO 的提取/预浓缩技术和分析方法进行了全面评估。详细讨论了每种方法的优缺点以及对当前可用方法的批判性评估。