Previous studies have shown that cognitive impairments in patients with brain tumors are not severe. However, to preserve the postsurgical QOL of patients with brain tumors, it is important to identify “primary” cognitive functions and associated brain regions that are more vulnerable to cognitive impairments following surgery. The objective of this study was to investigate primary cognitive factors affecting not only simple cognitive tasks but also several other cognitive tasks and associated brain regions. Patients with glioma in the left () and the right () hemisphere participated in the study. Seven neuropsychological tasks from five cognitive domains were conducted pre- and 6 months postoperation. Factor analyses were conducted to identify “primary” common cognitive functions affecting the task performance in left and right glioma groups. Next, lesion analyses were performed using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) to identify critical brain regions related to impairments of the primary cognitive functions. Factor analysis revealed two primary cognitive components in each glioma group. The first cognitive component in the left glioma group affected the digit span forward and backward tasks and concept shifting and the letter-digit substitution tasks. VLSM analysis revealed significant regions from the posterior middle temporal gyri to the supramarginal gyrus. The second cognitive component affected verbal memory, and verbal fluency tasks and VLSM analysis indicated two different significant regions, the medial temporal regions and the middle temporal gyrus to the posterior parietal lobes. The first cognitive component in the right glioma group affected positive and negative factor loadings on the task, such that the positive cognitive component affected only the Stroop color-word task. VLSM related to deficits of the Stroop task revealed significant regions in the anterior medial frontal cortex. On the other hand, the negative component affected concept shifting, word fluency, and digit span forward tasks, and VLSM revealed significant regions in the right inferior frontal cortex. It is suggested that primary cognitive functions related to specific brain regions were possibly affected by glioma resection.

中文翻译：

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脑胶质瘤手术及相关的大脑区域受损后的主要认知因素。

先前的研究表明，脑肿瘤患者的认知障碍并不严重。但是，为了保留脑肿瘤患者的术后QOL，重要的是要确定“主要”认知功能和相关的大脑区域，这些区域在手术后更容易出现认知障碍。这项研究的目的是调查不仅影响简单的认知任务，而且影响其他一些认知任务和相关的大脑区域的主要认知因素。左脑胶质瘤患者（）和右侧（）半球参加了这项研究。术前和术后6个月进行了来自五个认知领域的七项神经心理学任务。进行因素分析以识别影响左右神经胶质瘤组任务表现的“主要”常见认知功能。接下来，使用基于体素的病变症状图谱（VLSM）进行病变分析，以识别与主要认知功能受损有关的关键脑区域。因子分析揭示了每个神经胶质瘤组中的两个主要认知成分。左脑胶质瘤组中的第一个认知成分影响了手指跨度的向前和向后任务以及概念转变和字母数字替代任务。VLSM分析显示从颞中后回到上颌上回的重要区域。第二个认知成分会影响言语记忆，言语流畅性任务和VLSM分析显示两个不同的重要区域，即内侧颞叶区域和中间颞回至顶叶后叶。右神经胶质瘤组中的第一个认知成分影响任务上的正负因素负荷，因此阳性认知成分仅影响Stroop颜色词任务。与Stroop任务缺陷相关的VLSM揭示了前额内侧皮层的重要区域。另一方面，负面因素影响概念转移，单词流畅度和手指跨度向前任务，并且VLSM揭示了右下额叶皮层中的重要区域。