BACKGROUND Illness perceptions, patients' beliefs about their health condition, may affect medication adherence as well as self-efficacy for managing the condition in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to investigate the associations between illness perceptions, self-efficacy, and self-reported medication adherence among persons (≥50 years of age) with T2DM and explore whether the number of comorbid conditions moderates these associations. METHODS This secondary analysis of cross-sectional data used baseline data from persons with T2DM. Self-administered questionnaires, including the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease, and the 4-item Morisky-Green-Levine Medication Adherence Scale, were used. We performed hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS Participants (N = 146) were 57.5% female, 67.1% white, and on average 64 years old. Six dimensions of illness perceptions (ie, consequences, personal control, treatment control, identity, concerns, and emotional representations) were associated with self-efficacy for managing T2DM. Five dimensions (ie, timeline, personal control, treatment control, coherence, and emotional representations) were significant predictors of self-reported medication adherence. Whereas the number of comorbid conditions was significantly associated with self-efficacy for managing T2DM in all models (P values < .001), the number of comorbid conditions was not associated with self-reported medication adherence. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that illness perceptions and comorbid conditions may play a critical role in either self-efficacy or self-reported medication adherence in persons (≥50 years of age) with T2DM. Future research should incorporate an individual's illness perceptions and comorbid conditions into the development of interventions that may improve both self-efficacy and medication adherence in T2DM.

中文翻译：

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50 岁及以上 2 型糖尿病患者的疾病认知、自我效能和自我报告的药物依从性。

背景 疾病认知，即患者对其健康状况的信念，可能会影响服药依从性以及管理 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 病症的自我效能。目标 本研究的目的是调查 T2DM 患者（≥50 岁）的疾病认知、自我效能和自我报告的药物依从性之间的关联，并探讨合并症的数量是否会调节这些关联。方法 这种对横断面数据的二次分析使用了来自 T2DM 患者的基线数据。使用自填问卷，包括简要疾病感知问卷、管理慢性病的自我效能和 4 项 Morisky-Green-Levine 药物依从性量表。我们进行了分层多元线性回归分析。结果参与者 (N = 146) 为 57.5% 的女性，67.1% 的白人，平均年龄为 64 岁。疾病认知的六个维度（即后果、个人控制、治疗控制、身份、担忧和情绪表征）与管理 T2DM 的自我效能相关。五个维度（即时间线、个人控制、治疗控制、一致性和情绪表征）是自我报告的药物依从性的重要预测因子。尽管在所有模型中合并症的数量与管理 T2DM 的自我效能显着相关（P 值 <.001），但合并症的数量与自我报告的药物依从性无关。结论 本研究表明，疾病认知和合并症可能在 T2DM 患者（≥50 岁）的自我效能或自我报告的药物依从性中发挥关键作用。未来的研究应该将个人的疾病认知和合并症纳入干预措施的开发中，以提高 T2DM 的自我效能和药物依从性。