We live in a research era marked by impressive new tools powering the scientific method to accelerate the discovery, prediction, and control of increasingly complex systems. In common with many disciplines and societal challenges and opportunities, materials and condensed matter sciences are beneficiaries. The volume and fidelity of experimental, computational, and visualization data available, and tools to rapidly interpret them, are remarkable. Conceptual frameworks, including multiscale, multiphysics modeling of this complexity, are fueled by the data and, in turn, guide directions for future experimental and computational strategies. In this spirit, I discuss the importance of competing interactions, length scales, and constraints as pervasive sources of spatiotemporal complexity. I use representative examples drawn from materials and condensed matter, including the important role of elasticity in some technologically important quantum materials. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Materials Research, Volume 50 is July 1, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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从竞争互动和长度尺度进行多尺度图案化。

我们生活在一个研究时代，其特征是令人印象深刻的新工具，这些工具为科学方法提供了动力，以加速发现，预测和控制日益复杂的系统。与许多学科和社会挑战与机遇一样，材料和凝聚态科学是受益者。可获得的实验，计算和可视化数据的数量和保真度以及快速解释它们的工具非常出色。数据助长了概念框架，包括这种规模的多尺度，多物理场建模，进而为将来的实验和计算策略提供了指导。本着这种精神，我讨论了竞争相互作用，长度尺度和约束作为时空复杂性普遍来源的重要性。我使用从材料和凝聚态物质中提取的代表性例子，包括弹性在某些技术上重要的量子材料中的重要作用。《材料研究年度评论》（第50卷）的最终最终在线发布日期为2020年7月1日。有关修订的估算，请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。