Root‐knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are soil‐borne polyphagous pests with major impact on crop yield worldwide. Resistant crops efficiently control avirulent root‐knot nematodes, but favour the emergence of virulent forms. Since virulence is associated with fitness costs, susceptible crops counter‐select virulent root‐knot nematodes. In this study, we identify optimal rotation strategies between susceptible and resistant crops to control root‐knot nematodes and maximize crop yield. We developed an epidemiological model describing the within‐season dynamics of avirulent and virulent root‐knot nematodes on susceptible or resistant plant root‐systems, and their between‐season survival. The model was fitted to experimental data and used to predict yield‐maximizing rotation strategies, with special attention to the impact of epidemic severity and genetic parameters. Crop rotations were found to be efficient under realistic parameter ranges. They were characterized by low ratios of resistant plants and were robust to parameter uncertainty. Rotations provide significant gain over resistant‐only strategies, especially under intermediate fitness costs and severe epidemic contexts. Switching from the current general deployment of resistant crops to custom rotation strategies could not only maintain or increase crop yield, but also preserve the few and valuable R‐genes available.

中文翻译：

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植物线虫相互作用的多季节建模揭示了有效的植物抗性部署策略

根结线虫，根结线虫是土壤传播的多食性害虫，对全世界的农作物产量产生重大影响。抗性作物有效地控制了无毒根结线虫，但有利于出现强毒形式。由于毒力与健身成本相关，因此易感作物会反选强毒的根结线虫。在这项研究中，我们确定了易感和抗病作物之间的最佳轮作策略，以控制根结线虫并最大程度地提高作物产量。我们开发了一种流行病学模型，描述了易感或抗性植物根系上无毒和强力根结线虫的季节内动态及其季节间的存活。该模型适合于实验数据，可用于预测产量最大化的轮换策略，并特别注意流行病严重程度和遗传参数的影响。发现在实际参数范围内轮作是有效的。它们的特征在于抗性植物的比率低，并且对参数不确定性具有鲁棒性。与仅采用抗药性策略相比，轮换可带来显着收益，尤其是在中等适应性成本和严重的流行环境下。从目前的抗性作物一般部署转向定制轮作策略，不仅可以维持或增加作物产量，而且可以保留少量和有价​​值的可用R基因。