Massive spoil heaps, formed during production and construction activities, have suffered from severe soil erosion, leading to land degradation and damaging the environment. Fish‐scale pits (FSPs) and revegetation (RG) are the most common measures for controlling soil erosion on spoil heaps on the Loess Plateau. To evaluate the effects of FSPs and RG on concentrated runoff erosion, scouring‐erosion experiments were conducted on FSP plots, RG plots, and bare plots (the control) in the field on two types of spoil heaps: low gravel content in soil (LGS) and high gravel content in soil (HGS) at various inflow rates. Mass movement was the main cause of the considerable fluctuations in erosion rate and sharply increased the sediment concentration, which could exceed 800 kg m⁻³ and cause hyperconcentrated flows. Conversely, the FSP and RG treatments observably reduced the sediment concentration and erosion rate. The erosion‐reducing benefits (ERBs) of both the FSPs and RG treatments were significant. However, the ERB of the FSPs treatment was superior to that of the RG treatment under concentrated runoff, especially high‐intensity concentrated runoff. The ERB of the FSP treatment was on average 78.5% and 80.9% for the LGS and HGS, respectively. The ERB of the RG treatment was on average 36.4% and 56.5% for the LGS and HGS, respectively. The ERBs of the FSPs and RG treatments for the HGS were greater than those for the LGS. Moreover, gravel inhibited concentrated flow erosion. Our results provide important guidance for preventing soil erosion on abandoned spoil heaps in semiarid regions.

中文翻译：

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黄土高原集中径流下陡坡弃土对植被和鱼鳞坑的减蚀作用

在生产和建筑活动期间形成的大量弃土堆遭受了严重的土壤侵蚀，导致土地退化和环境破坏。鱼鳞坑（FSPs）和植被恢复（RG）是控制黄土高原弃土堆上土壤侵蚀的最常见措施。为了评估FSP和RG对集中径流侵蚀的影响，对田间两种类型的弃渣堆上的FSP地块，RG地块和裸露地块（对照）进行了冲刷侵蚀实验：土壤中的砾石含量低（LGS） ）和各种流量下土壤（HGS）中的高砾石含量。物质运动是侵蚀速率显着波动的主要原因，并且沉积物浓度急剧增加，可能超过800 kg m ^-3并导致高度集中的流量。相反，FSP和RG处理明显降低了沉积物浓度和侵蚀速率。FSP和RG处理的减蚀效益（ERB）均很显着。但是，FSPs处理的ERB在浓缩径流特别是高强度浓缩径流下优于RG处理。LGS和HGS的FSP治疗的ERB平均分别为78.5％和80.9％。对于LGS和HGS，RG治疗的ERB平均分别为36.4％和56.5％。HGS的FSP和RG处理的ERB大于LGS的ERB。此外，砾石抑制了浓水流侵蚀。我们的结果为防止半干旱地区废弃弃渣堆上的土壤侵蚀提供了重要的指导。