Working memory (WM) impairments have been frequently observed as an important feature of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Event‐related potential (ERP) differences between ADHD and healthy controls (HC) would be expected during WM task performance. Especially, the so‐called slow wave (SW), which is related to the retention process, might present amplitude differences in ADHD. In this ERP study participated twenty‐nine ADHD children and adolescents and thirty‐four HC. WM performance was assessed using the Working Memory Test Battery for Children (WMTB‐C), and ERPs were analyzed with a Delayed Match‐To‐Sample (DMTS) task. ADHD sample showed worse behavioral performance in both WMTB‐C and DMTS task, and higher SW amplitude during the retention phase of the DMTS task. Additionally, the principal component analysis indicated that the scores on the component explaining the centro‐parietal SW were significantly different between ADHD subjects and HC. The observed impaired neurophysiological activity during the encoding and retention periods in ADHD, which would be the origin of the behavioral deficits in WM task performance, might be reflecting a delayed maturation of the neural processes underlying the centro‐parietal SW.

中文翻译：

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儿童和青少年的注意力缺乏/多动障碍：工作记忆的事件相关潜能研究。

人们经常观察到工作记忆（WM）障碍是注意力缺乏/多动症（ADHD）的重要特征。在WM任务执行期间，ADHD与健康对照（HC）之间的事件相关电位（ERP）差异是可预期的。特别是，与保留过程有关的所谓的慢波（SW）可能会在ADHD中出现幅度差异。在这项ERP研究中，有29名ADHD儿童和青少年以及34名HC。使用儿童工作记忆测试电池（WMTB-C）评估了WM性能，并使用了延迟匹配样本（DMTS）任务对ERP进行了分析。ADHD样本在WMTB-C和DMTS任务中表现出较差的行为表现，并且在DMTS任务的保留阶段具有较高的SW振幅。另外，主成分分析表明，ADHD受试者和HC之间解释顶顶SW的成分得分显着不同。在ADHD的编码和保留期间观察到的神经生理活动受损，这可能是WM任务执行行为缺陷的根源，可能反映了中心顶SW的神经过程延迟成熟。