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Total devastation of river macroinvertebrates following a volcanic eruption in southern Chile
Ecosphere ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-05 , DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3105
Norka Fuentes 1 , Lorna Goméz 1 , Héctor Venegas 1 , Jaime R. Rau 2
Affiliation  

Although explosive volcanic eruptions are natural disturbances that cause significant environmental repercussions and impose multiple changes on ecosystems, post‐eruption studies of rivers and streams are not common. The most recent eruption of the Puyehue‐Cordón Caulle volcanic complex (PCCVC) began on 4 June 2011 with a large explosion and the emission of a column of gas and volcanic ash (particle size <0.001–2 mm) followed by the release of silica magma, and lasted approximately until June 2012. The wind‐dispersed volcanic ash affected the area surrounding the PCCVC in southern Chile and, subsequently, most of South America, but local effects on streams and rivers in the vicinity were more drastic. We collected water, ash, and benthic macroinvertebrate samples four months after the eruption from four rivers: Two were visibly impacted (Gol‐Gol and Nilahue) in areas where volcanic ash thickness ranged between 1 and 5 cm, in the vicinity of the PCCVC fissure (8–15 km), and two adjacent rivers (Calcurrupe and Chanleufu) were located 20–40 km from the PCCVC fissure where ash thickness was <1 cm and did not present visible impacts. Results were then compared with data obtained from previous research projects. This study reports that this natural disaster induced an increase in concentrations of total suspended solids and of phosphorous in the rivers Gol‐Gol and Nilahue, as well as habitat destruction, deterioration of environmental quality, and the consequent devastation of macroinvertebrate assemblages inhabiting these rivers directly following the eruption. We conclude that volcanic eruptions can generate local extinctions of benthic macroinvertebrates in the short term, compared with rivers that were not affected by volcanic ash.

中文翻译:

智利南部火山爆发后河流大型无脊椎动物的全部破坏

尽管爆发性火山喷发是自然干扰,会引起严重的环境影响,并给生态系统带来多种变化,但对河流和溪流的喷发后研究并不普遍。Puyehue-CordónCaulle火山综合体(PCCVC)的最新喷发始于2011年6月4日,发生了大爆炸,并散发了气体和火山灰柱(粒径<0.001–2 mm),随后释放了二氧化硅岩浆,持续时间约到2012年6月。风吹散的火山灰影响了智利南部以及随后南美大部分地区的PCCVC周围地区,但对附近河流和河流的局部影响更为剧烈。喷发四个月后,我们从四个河流收集了水,灰分和底栖大型无脊椎动物样本:在PCCVC裂隙(8-15 km)附近,火山灰厚度在1至5 cm之间的区域中,有2条受到明显影响(Gol-Gol和Nilahue),而两条相邻的河流(Calcurrupe和Chanleufu)则位于20条附近距离PCCVC裂缝– 40 km,灰分厚度小于1 cm,没有明显的影响。然后将结果与先前研究项目获得的数据进行比较。这项研究报告表明,这场自然灾害导致Gol-Gol和Nilahue河流中的总悬浮固体和磷的浓度增加,以及栖息地遭到破坏,环境质量恶化以及随之而来的直接栖息于这些河流中的大型无脊椎动物种群的破坏在喷发之后。
更新日期:2020-05-05
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