Biological nanoparticles include liposomes, extracellular vesicle and lipid-based discoidal systems. When studying such particles, there are several key parameters of interest, including particle size and concentration. Measuring these characteristics can be of particular importance in the research laboratory or when producing such particles as biotherapeutics. This article briefly describes the major types of lipid-containing nanoparticles and the techniques that can be used to study them. Such methodologies include electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing and microfluidic resistive pulse sensing. Whilst no technique is perfect for the analysis of all nanoparticles, this article provides advantages and disadvantages of each, highlighting the latest developments in the field. Finally, we demonstrate the use of microfluidic resistive pulse sensing for the analysis of biological nanoparticles.

中文翻译：

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脂质纳米颗粒的生物物理分析

生物纳米颗粒包括脂质体、细胞外囊泡和基于脂质的盘状系统。在研究此类粒子时，有几个关键参数值得关注，包括粒度和浓度。在研究实验室或在生产诸如生物治疗剂之类的颗粒时，测量这些特性可能特别重要。本文简要介绍了含脂质纳米颗粒的主要类型以及可用于研究它们的技术。此类方法包括电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、动态光散射、纳米粒子跟踪分析、流式细胞术、可调电阻脉冲传感和微流体电阻脉冲传感。虽然没有一种技术可以完美地分析所有纳米颗粒，但本文提供了每种技术的优缺点，突出该领域的最新发展。最后，我们展示了微流体电阻脉冲传感在生物纳米颗粒分析中的应用。