Quina scrapers are well-known components of the European Middle Paleolithic Mousterian. A similar production process was detected within the lithic assemblages of the Levantine Acheulo-Yabrudian (∼400-200 ka). This study combines the results of use-wear and raw material analyses of 75 Quina scrapers and 133 demi-Quina scrapers from the Acheulo-Yabrudian site Qesem Cave, Israel, aimed at interpreting the function of Quina and demi-Quina at Qesem Cave, the considerations affecting the lithic choices involved in their production, and the behavioral and evolutionary implications. Each scraper was examined for use-wear and was assigned to a flint type and potential geologic source(s). Our results demonstrate a selective pattern of exploitation of flint which does not originate from the local Turonian outcrops, specifically for the manufacture of Quina and demi-Quina scrapers. This suggests a thoughtful, well-planned effort, taking into consideration the flint traits and future function. This pattern repeats itself throughout time, reflecting a high degree of familiarity with the potential sources located around the cave, implying the existence of knowledge transmission mechanisms concerning the location of specific flint sources and their acquisition methods, as well as concerning exploitation preferences.

中文翻译：

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解释以色列Acheulo-Yabrudian Qesem Cave的Quina和demi-Quina刮板：原料和功能分析的结果。

奎纳刮板是欧洲旧石器时代中期穆斯特人的著名组成部分。Levantine Acheulo-Yabrudian（〜400-200 ka）的石器组合中检测到类似的生产过程。这项研究结合了来自以色列Acheulo-Yabrudian基地Qesem Cave的75台Quina刮板和133 demi-Quina刮板的使用磨损和原料分析结果，旨在解释Qesem Cave的Quina和demi-Quina的功能。影响其生产中的石器选择的考虑因素，以及行为和进化的含义。检查每个刮具的使用磨损，并将其分配为火石类型和潜在的地质来源。我们的研究结果证明了火石开采的选择性模式，这种模式并非源自当地的突尼斯露头，专门用于制造Quina和demi-Quina刮板。考虑到the石的特性和将来的功能，这表明要进行周到的，精心计划的工作。这种模式在整个时间中都会重复出现，反映出人们对洞穴周围潜在资源的高度了解，这意味着存在有关特定火石来源及其获取方法以及开采偏好的知识传播机制。