Proteases play a pivotal role in several biological processes, from digestion, cell proliferation, and differentiation to fertility. Deregulation of protease metabolism can result in several pathological conditions (i.e., cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and others). Therefore, monitoring proteolytic activity in real time could have a fundamental role in the early diagnosis of these diseases. Herein, the main approaches used to develop biosensors for monitoring proteolytic activity are reviewed. A comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach is provided along with a discussion of their importance and promising opportunities for the early diagnosis of severe diseases. This new era of biosensors can be characterized by the ability to control and monitor biological processes, ultimately improving the potential of personalized medicine.

蛋白酶在从消化，细胞增殖和分化到生育的几个生物学过程中起着关键作用。蛋白酶代谢的失调可导致几种病理状况（即，癌症，神经退行性疾病等）。因此，实时监测蛋白水解活性可能在这些疾病的早期诊断中具有根本作用。在此，综述了用于开发用于监测蛋白水解活性的生物传感器的主要方法。对每种方法的优缺点进行了比较，并讨论了其对严重疾病的早期诊断的重要性和有希望的机会。生物传感器的新时代可以通过控制和监视生物过程的能力来表征，