Mice have been excellent surrogates for studying neutrophil biology and, furthermore, murine models of human disease have provided fundamental insights into the roles of human neutrophils in innate immunity. The emergence of novel humanized mice and high-diversity mouse populations offers the research community innovative and powerful platforms for better understanding, respectively, the mechanisms by which human neutrophils drive pathogenicity, and how genetic differences underpin the variation in neutrophil biology observed among humans. Here, we review key examples of these new resources. Additionally, we provide an overview of advanced genetic engineering tools available to further improve such murine model systems, of sophisticated neutrophil-profiling technologies, and of multifunctional nanoparticle (NP)-based neutrophil-targeting strategies.

小鼠一直是研究中性粒细胞生物学的绝佳替代品，此外，人类疾病的小鼠模型为人类中性粒细胞在先天免疫中的作用提供了基本见解。新型人源化小鼠和高多样性小鼠种群的出现为研究界分别提供了创新和强大的平台，以更好地理解人类中性粒细胞驱动致病性的机制，以及遗传差异如何支持在人类中观察到的中性粒细胞生物学变异。在这里，我们回顾了这些新资源的关键示例。此外，我们还概述了可用于进一步改进此类小鼠模型系统的先进基因工程工具、复杂的中性粒细胞分析技术、