SummarySoybean has undergone the greatest expansion of any global crop, fuelled by the emergence of herbicide-resistant crops. In Uruguay, soybean croplands have increased from virtually zero to more than 1 million ha in 20 years. Uruguay is also implementing its system of protected areas. Here, we assess the presence of pesticides within a Ramsar site and protected area, in a basin dominated by croplands. We consider pesticides as surrogates of the subtle impacts of agribusiness on conservation initiatives and other productions. Pesticides were found in soils, fishes and beehives, both within and around the protected area. Endosulfan was found in all matrices analysed (23 of 80 samples), while glyphosate (0–2.31 mg/kg) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA; 0–0.61 mg/kg) were found in all soil classes. The study also allowed for a retrospective evaluation of a recent policy banning endosulfan in Uruguay, suggesting that while the protected area has not been immune to the impacts of agribusiness on human health or biodiversity, limiting the use of pesticides reduces or avoids some of them. This has implications for the design of multifunctional landscapes and for the debate on land sharing versus land sparing.

中文翻译：

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大豆扩张以及农业综合企业与当地生产和保护举措共存的挑战：乌拉圭拉姆萨尔湿地的农药

摘要在抗除草剂作物的出现推动下，大豆经历了全球作物中最大的扩张。在乌拉圭，大豆农田在 20 年内从几乎为零增加到超过 100 万公顷。乌拉圭也在实施其保护区系统。在这里，我们评估了拉姆萨尔湿地和保护区内农药的存在，该盆地以农田为主。我们将杀虫剂视为农业综合企业对保护举措和其他生产的微妙影响的替代品。在保护区内和周围的土壤、鱼类和蜂箱中发现了农药。在所有分析的基质（80 个样品中的 23 个）中都发现了硫丹，而在所有土壤类别中都发现了草甘膦（0-2.31 mg/kg）和氨甲基膦酸（AMPA；0-0.61 mg/kg）。该研究还允许对乌拉圭最近一项禁止硫丹的政策进行回顾性评估，这表明虽然保护区未能免受农业综合企业对人类健康或生物多样性的影响，但限制杀虫剂的使用会减少或避免其中一些影响。这对多功能景观的设计以及关于土地共享与土地节约的辩论都有影响。