In the extreme wind and cold weather conditions, animals have developed incredible protection techniques in order to achieve the regulation of body thermal insulation. While birds fluff their feathers to reduce heat loss, some animals take advantage of the other varying unique structures of the skin. In this study, inspired by birds, the effect of hairy surfaces like hedgehog skin on thermal insulation and also heat production at the low‐speed wind on the building wall surface was investigated numerically by using the finite element method. For this, a portion of the wall surface was covered with rigid barbs to increase friction on the wall, and for the comparison, a part of the surface was left smooth without any coating. Menter's shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model by algebraic multigrid solver was used for the modeling of wind motion and heat transfer equations by direct solver PARDISO was used to simulate heat transfer in the solid and fluid environment. According to the numerical calculation, the wind speed slows down along the rough surface, high‐pressure zone on the surface (a thick no‐slip boundary region) was created and a part of wind energy was converted to extra heat and especially the convective heat loss due to the movement of the wind on the surface was reduced, and finally, the building was insulated further by creating a stagnant air layer in the barbs.

中文翻译：

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毛状表面对建筑物热量产生和隔热的影响

在极端的风和寒冷的天气条件下，动物已经开发出了令人难以置信的保护技术，以实现对人体绝热的调节。鸟类用羽毛打羽毛以减少热量散失的同时，一些动物则利用了其他各种独特的皮肤结构。在这项研究中，受鸟类的启发，使用有限元方法，数值研究了刺猬皮肤等毛发表面对隔热的影响，以及低速风在建筑墙面上产生热量的影响。为此，壁表面的一部分被刚性倒钩覆盖，以增加壁上的摩擦力，并且为了进行比较，一部分表面保持光滑，没有任何涂层。Menter' 使用代数多网格求解器的剪切应力传递湍流模型对风运动进行建模，并使用直接求解器PARDISO来模拟传热方程，以模拟固体和流体环境中的传热。根据数值计算，风速沿粗糙表面变慢，在表面上形成高压区域（较厚的防滑边界区域），并将一部分风能转化为多余的热量，尤其是对流热量减少了由于风在表面上的移动造成的损失，最后，通过在倒钩中形成停滞的空气层，进一步对建筑物进行了隔热。