Type 2 immune responses operate under varying conditions in distinct tissue environments and are crucial for protection against helminth infections and for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Here we explore how different layers of heterogeneity influence type 2 immunity. Distinct insults, such as allergens or infections, can induce type 2 immune responses through diverse mechanisms, and this can have heterogeneous consequences, ranging from acute or chronic inflammation to deficits in immune regulation and tissue repair. Technological advances have provided new insights into the molecular heterogeneity of different developmental lineages of type 2 immune cells. Genetic and environmental heterogeneity also contributes to the varying magnitude and quality of the type 2 immune response during infection, which is an important determinant of the balance between pathology and disease resolution. Hence, understanding the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of type 2 immune responses between individuals and between different tissues will be crucial for treating diseases in which type 2 immunity is an important component.

中文翻译：

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2 型免疫的启动、发展和功能的异质性。

2 型免疫反应在不同组织环境中的不同条件下运行，对于防止蠕虫感染和维持组织稳态至关重要。在这里，我们探讨不同层次的异质性如何影响 2 型免疫。不同的损伤，如过敏原或感染，可以通过多种机制诱导 2 型免疫反应，这可能会产生不同的后果，从急性或慢性炎症到免疫调节和组织修复缺陷。技术进步为 2 型免疫细胞不同发育谱系的分子异质性提供了新的见解。遗传和环境异质性也导致感染期间 2 型免疫反应的大小和质量不同，这是病理学和疾病解决之间平衡的重要决定因素。因此，了解个体之间和不同组织之间 2 型免疫反应异质性的潜在机制对于治疗以 2 型免疫为重要组成部分的疾病至关重要。