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Automated CO2 angiography: Injection pressure and volume settings.
Medical Engineering & Physics ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.03.007
Ivan Corazza 1 , Sonia Sapignoli 1 , Laura Cercenelli 1 , Emanuela Marcelli 1 , Gianluca Faggioli 1 , Mauro Gargiulo 1 , Andrea Stella 1 , Igor Diemberger 1 , Pier Luca Rossi 1 , Romano Zannoli 1
Affiliation  

The purpose of this work was to outline some practical rules for pressure and volume settings in automatic CO2 injection angiographic procedures focusing on the iliac arterial system, since, in current clinical practice, each operator uses his personal experience to obtain imaging results which are not always easy to compare. A theoretical model was thus developed and then verified by a mechanical simulator of the aortoiliac vascular system, with constant and pulsatile blood flow. The conditions of forward and reverse flows have been described, both for constant and pulsatile regimens and pressures, flows, and optical images of the bubbles in glass vessels were simultaneously acquired, analyzed and compared. Our results demonstrated that “good” radiological images (adequate to patient's conditions and clinical need) are strictly related to appropriate settings of gas injection pressure and flow, in accordance with two simple operative rules. These rules prescribe that the patient's pressure, the blood flow in the vessel, and the hydraulic resistance of the gas injection line be known: the first two parameters may be estimated, while the third must be experimentally measured. By following these rules, it is possible to obtain the best results for each clinical setting, a more standardized approach and better imaging during angiographic procedures with carbon dioxide as contrast medium.



中文翻译:

自动 CO2 血管造影:注射压力和体积设置。

这项工作的目的是概述自动 CO 2 中压力和体积设置的一些实用规则注射血管造影程序侧重于髂动脉系统,因为在当前的临床实践中,每个操作员都使用他的个人经验来获得并不总是容易比较的成像结果。因此开发了一个理论模型,然后通过主髂血管系统的机械模拟器进行验证,具有恒定和脉动的血流。已经描述了正向和反向流动的条件,包括恒定和脉动方案,同时获取、分析和比较玻璃容器中气泡的压力、流动和光学图像。我们的结果表明,根据两个简单的操作规则,“良好”的放射影像(足以满足患者的病情和临床需要)与适当的气体注射压力和流量设置密切相关。这些规则规定患者的压力、血管中的血流量和注气管线的液压阻力是已知的:前两个参数可以估计,而第三个参数必须通过实验测量。通过遵循这些规则,可以在使用二氧化碳作为造影剂的血管造影术过程中为每个临床设置、更标准化的方法和更好的成像获得最佳结果。

更新日期:2020-05-03
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