Both human epidemiologic and animal model studies demonstrate that prenatal and lactational exposure to maternal obesity and high‐fat diet are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Neurodevelopmental outcomes described in offspring of obese women include cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and depression, disordered eating, and propensity for reward‐driven behavior, among others. This review synthesizes human and animal data linking maternal obesity and high‐fat diet consumption to abnormal fetal brain development, and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric morbidity in offspring. It highlights key mechanisms by which maternal obesity and maternal diet impact fetal and offspring development, and sex differences in offspring programming. In addition, we review placental effects of maternal obesity, and the role the placenta might play as an indicator vs mediator of fetal programming.

中文翻译：

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母体肥胖中的胎儿大脑和胎盘编程：人类和动物模型研究综述。

人类流行病学和动物模型研究都表明，产前和哺乳期暴露于母体肥胖和高脂肪饮食与后代的不良神经发育结果相关。肥胖女性后代的神经发育结果包括认知障碍、自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD)、注意力缺陷多动障碍、焦虑和抑郁、饮食失调以及奖励驱动行为的倾向等。本综述综合了人类和动物数据，将母体肥胖和高脂肪饮食消费与胎儿大脑发育异常以及后代的神经发育和精神疾病联系起来。它强调了母亲肥胖和母亲饮食影响胎儿和后代发育的关键机制，以及后代规划中的性别差异。此外，