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Externalities in agriculture: How to include their monetary value in decision-making?
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s13762-020-02752-7
J. Macháč , M. Trantinová , L. Zaňková

Soil protection and sustainable agriculture have become a key issue in Common Agricultural Policy. Emphasis is being placed on climate-smart agriculture, nature-friendly agricultural technologies and implementation of a range of nature-based measures to protect soil, retain water in landscape, etc. Recent agricultural policy is mostly based on qualitative assessment of the current state and impacts of technologies. Economic assessment is still missing, although subsidies and other forms of financial support are provided from both national and European Union funds. Externalities in agriculture not only generate social costs and profits for the current generation but also strongly affect future well-being. The objective of this paper is to present a newly developed approach that enables monetary assessment of externalities in agriculture. The process of monetary assessment means inclusion and calculation of all costs and benefits, including positive and negative externalities going beyond financial revenue. The methodology is based on modified cost–benefit analysis using the concept of ecosystem services. The proposed method is demonstrated on a case study in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. This region has been struggling with drought in the last few years, but its agricultural technologies are not adapted and appropriate nature-based solutions are not implemented. Economic analysis focuses on assessment of externalities and possible measures. It covers operating and investment costs; the loss of profits due to decreasing production; and benefits consisting mainly of prevented loss of regulating services. The results show that implementation of measures is always preferable regardless of climate change and avoids society loss.



中文翻译:

农业外部性:如何将其货币价值纳入决策?

土壤保护和可持续农业已经成为《共同农业政策》中的关键问题。重点放在气候智能型农业,自然友好型农业技术以及实施一系列基于自然的措施以保护土壤,在景观中保水等。近期的农业政策主要基于对当前状态和条件的定性评估。技术的影响。尽管国家和欧盟基金都提供了补贴和其他形式的财政支持,但经济评估仍然缺失。农业的外部性不仅为当代人带来了社会成本和利润,而且还极大地影响了未来的福祉。本文的目的是提出一种新开发的方法,该方法能够对农业外部性进行货币评估。货币评估的过程意味着包括和计算所有成本和收益,包括超出财务收入的正负外部性。该方法基于使用生态系统服务概念的经修改的成本效益分析。捷克共和国南摩拉维亚地区的案例研究证明了该方法的有效性。在过去的几年中,该地区一直在干旱中挣扎,但是其农业技术没有得到适应,并且没有实施基于自然的适当解决方案。经济分析的重点是评估外部性和可能的​​措施。它涵盖了运营和投资成本;由于产量下降而造成的利润损失;收益主要包括防止失去监管服务。

更新日期:2020-05-03
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