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The pig as a model for immunology research
Cell and Tissue Research ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-30 , DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03206-9
Reinhard Pabst 1
Affiliation  

The pig is an omnivorous, monogastric species with many advantages to serve as an animal model for human diseases. There are very high similarities to humans in anatomy and functions of the immune system, e g., the presence of tonsils, which are absent in rodents. The porcine immune system resembles man for more than 80% of analyzed parameters in contrast to the mouse with only about 10%. The pig can easily be bred, and there are less emotional problems to use them as experimental animals than dogs or monkeys. Indwelling cannulas in a vein or lymphatic vessel enable repetitive stress-free sampling. Meanwhile, there are many markers available to characterize immune cells. Lymphoid organs, their function, and their role in lymphocyte kinetics (proliferation and migration) are reviewed. For long-term experiments, minipigs (e.g., Göttingen minipig) are available. Pigs can be kept under gnotobiotic (germfree) conditions for some time after birth to study the effects of microbiota. The effects of probiotics can be tested on the gut immune system. The lung has been used for extracorporeal preservation and immune engineering. After genetic modifications are established, the pig is the best animal model for future xenotransplantation to reduce the problem of organ shortage for organ transplantation. Autotransplantation of particles of lymphnodes regenerates in the subcutaneous tissue. This is a model to treat secondary lymphedema patients. There are pigs with cystic fibrosis and severe combined immune deficiency available.

中文翻译:

猪作为免疫学研究的模型

猪是杂食性单胃动物,具有许多优势,可用作人类疾病的动物模型。在免疫系统的解剖结构和功能方面与人类非常相似,例如扁桃体的存在,而啮齿类动物则没有。猪的免疫系统在超过 80% 的分析参数上类似于人,而小鼠只有大约 10%。猪很容易繁殖,而且将它们用作实验动物比狗或猴子更少出现情绪问题。静脉或淋巴管中的留置插管可实现重复的无压力采样。同时,有许多标记可用于表征免疫细胞。淋巴器官、它们的功能以及它们在淋巴细胞动力学(增殖和迁移)中的作用进行了综述。对于长期实验,小型猪(例如,哥廷根小型猪)。猪出生后可以在无菌(无菌)条件下饲养一段时间,以研究微生物群的影响。可以测试益生菌对肠道免疫系统的影响。肺已被用于体外保存和免疫工程。基因修饰建立后,猪是未来异种移植的最佳动物模型,以减少器官移植的器官短缺问题。淋巴结颗粒的自体移植在皮下组织中再生。这是治疗继发性淋巴水肿患者的模型。有囊性纤维化和严重联合免疫缺陷的猪可用。可以测试益生菌对肠道免疫系统的影响。肺已被用于体外保存和免疫工程。基因修饰建立后,猪是未来异种移植的最佳动物模型,以减少器官移植的器官短缺问题。淋巴结颗粒的自体移植在皮下组织中再生。这是治疗继发性淋巴水肿患者的模型。有囊性纤维化和严重联合免疫缺陷的猪可用。可以测试益生菌对肠道免疫系统的影响。肺已被用于体外保存和免疫工程。基因修饰建立后,猪是未来异种移植的最佳动物模型,以减少器官移植的器官短缺问题。淋巴结颗粒的自体移植在皮下组织中再生。这是治疗继发性淋巴水肿患者的模型。有囊性纤维化和严重联合免疫缺陷的猪可用。淋巴结颗粒的自体移植在皮下组织中再生。这是治疗继发性淋巴水肿患者的模型。有囊性纤维化和严重联合免疫缺陷的猪可用。淋巴结颗粒的自体移植在皮下组织中再生。这是治疗继发性淋巴水肿患者的模型。有囊性纤维化和严重联合免疫缺陷的猪可用。
更新日期:2020-04-30
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