Objective: This work presents a device for non-invasive wound parameters assessment, designed to overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods, which are mostly rough, inaccurate, and painful for the patient. The device estimates the morphological parameters of the wound and provides augmented reality (AR) visual feedback on the wound healing status by projecting the wound border acquired during the last examination, thus improving doctor-patient communication. Methods: An accurate 3D model of the wound is created by stereophotogrammetry and refined through self-organizing maps. The 3D model is used to estimate physical parameters for wound healing assessment and integrates AR functionalities based on a miniaturized projector. The physical parameter estimation functionalities are evaluated in terms of precision, accuracy, inter-operator variability, and repeatability, whereas AR wound border projection is evaluated in terms of accuracy on the same phantom. Results: The accuracy and precision of the device are respectively 2% and 1.2% for linear parameters, and 1.7% and 1.3% for area and volume. The AR projection shows an error distance <1 mm. No statistical difference was found between the measurements of different operators. Conclusion: The device has proven to be an objective and non-operator-dependent tool for assessing the morphological parameters of the wound. Comparison with non-contact devices shows improved accuracy, offering reliable and rigorous measurements. Clinical Impact: Chronic wounds represent a significant health problem with high recurrence rates due to the ageing of the population and diseases such as diabetes and obesity. The device presented in this work provides an easy-to-use non-invasive tool to obtain useful information for treatment.

中文翻译：

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使用非接触式测量和增强现实监测伤口愈合

目标：这项工作提出了一种用于非侵入性伤口参数评估的设备，旨在克服传统方法的缺点，这些缺点对患者来说大多是粗糙、不准确和痛苦的。该设备估计伤口的形态参数，并通过投影上次检查期间获得的伤口边界，提供关于伤口愈合状态的增强现实 (AR) 视觉反馈，从而改善医患沟通。方法：伤口的精确 3D 模型是通过立体摄影测量法创建的，并通过自组织图进行细化。3D 模型用于估计伤口愈合评估的物理参数，并基于小型投影仪集成 AR 功能。物理参数估计功能在精度、准确度、操作者间的可变性和可重复性，而 AR 伤口边界投影是根据同一体模的准确性来评估的。结果：该装置的线性参数准确度和精密度分别为2%和1.2%，面积和体积分别为1.7%和1.3%。AR 投影显示误差距离 <1 mm。不同操作者的测量结果之间没有发现统计学差异。结论：该装置已被证明是一种客观且不依赖于操作者的工具，用于评估伤口的形态参数。与非接触式设备的比较显示出更高的精度，提供可靠和严格的测量。临床影响：由于人口老龄化以及糖尿病和肥胖症等疾病，慢性伤口是一个具有高复发率的重大健康问题。