Omega-3 polyunsatuarted fatty acids (PUFA) are associated with hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, omega-3 PUFA, usually administered as triacylglycerols or ethyl esters, could also compromise glucose metabolism, especially in obese type 2 diabetics. Phospholipids represent an alternative source of omega-3 PUFA, but their impact on glucose homeostasis is poorly explored. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed for 8 weeks a corn oil-based high-fat diet (cHF) alone or cHF-based diets containing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (~3%; wt/wt), admixed either as a concentrate of re-esterified triacylglycerols (ω3TG) or Krill oil containing mainly phospholipids (ω3PL). Lean controls were fed a low-fat diet. Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps), parameters of glucose homeostasis, adipose tissue function, and plasma levels of N-acylethanolamines, monoacylglycerols and fatty acids were determined. Feeding cHF induced obesity and worsened (~4.3-fold) insulin sensitivity as determined by clamp. Insulin sensitivity was almost preserved in ω3PL but not ω3TG mice. Compared with cHF mice, endogenous glucose production was reduced to 47%, whereas whole-body and muscle glycogen synthesis increased ~3-fold in ω3PL mice that showed improved adipose tissue function and elevated plasma adiponectin levels. Besides eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids, principal component analysis of plasma fatty acids identified palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7) as the most discriminating analyte whose levels were increased in ω3PL mice and correlated negatively with the degree of cHF-induced glucose intolerance. While palmitoleic acid from Krill oil may help improve glucose homeostasis, our findings provide a general rationale for using omega-3 PUFA-containing phospholipids as nutritional supplements with potent insulin-sensitizing effects.

中文翻译：

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血浆棕榈油酸水平的升高可能有助于磷虾油对饮食性肥胖小鼠葡萄糖稳态的有益作用。

Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）与降血脂和抗炎作用有关。但是，通常以三酰基甘油或乙酯形式给药的omega-3 PUFA也可能损害葡萄糖代谢，尤其是在肥胖的2型糖尿病患者中。磷脂代表了omega-3 PUFA的另一种来源，但对葡萄糖稳态的影响研究却很少。给雄性C57BL / 6N小鼠喂食以玉米油为基础的高脂饮食（cHF）或含有二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸（〜3％; wt / wt）的cHF为基础的饮食喂养8周，这些混合物以再酯化的三酰基甘油（ω3TG）或磷虾油中主要含有磷脂（ω3PL）。精益对照者喂养低脂饮食。胰岛素敏感性（高胰岛素-正常血糖钳夹），葡萄糖动态平衡参数，脂肪组织功能，测定血浆中N-酰基乙醇胺，单酰基甘油和脂肪酸的含量。进食cHF会导致肥胖，胰岛素敏感性降低（约4.3倍），具体取决于钳位法。在ω3PL小鼠中几乎保留了胰岛素敏感性，但在ω3TG小鼠中却没有。与cHF小鼠相比，ω3PL小鼠的内源性葡萄糖生成降低到47％，而全身和肌肉糖原合成增加了约3倍，这表明脂肪组织功能得到改善，血浆脂联素水平升高。除二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳五烯酸外，血浆脂肪酸的主成分分析还确定了棕榈油酸（C16：1n-7）是最可辨别的分析物，其水平在ω3PL小鼠中升高，并且与cHF诱导的葡萄糖不耐症程度呈负相关。