Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of distinctive porous crystalline materials constructed by metal ions/clusters and organic linkers. Owing to their structural diversity, functional adjustability, and high surface area, different types of MOF-based single metal sites are well exploited, including coordinately unsaturated metal sites from metal nodes and metallolinkers, as well as active metal species immobilized to MOFs. Furthermore, controllable thermal transformation of MOFs can upgrade them to nanomaterials functionalized with active single-atom catalysts (SACs). These unique features of MOFs and their derivatives enable them to serve as a highly versatile platform for catalysis, which has actually been becoming a rapidly developing interdisciplinary research area. In this review, we overview the recent developments of catalysis at single metal sites in MOF-based materials with emphasis on their structures and applications for thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis. We also compare the results and summarize the major insights gained from the works in this review, providing the challenges and prospects in this emerging field.

中文翻译：

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具有单一金属位点的基于金属有机框架的催化剂。

金属有机骨架（MOF）是一类独特的多孔晶体材料，由金属离子/簇和有机连接基构成。由于其结构的多样性，功能的可调节性和高的表面积，人们充分利用了不同类型的基于MOF的单一金属位点，包括来自金属节点和金属连接基的配位不饱和金属位点，以及固定在MOF上的活性金属。此外，MOF的可控热转变可以将它们升级为使用活性单原子催化剂（SAC）功能化的纳米材料。MOF及其衍生物的这些独特功能使它们可以用作催化的高度通用平台，实际上已经成为快速发展的跨学科研究领域。在这篇评论中 我们概述了基于MOF的材料在单个金属位点催化的最新进展，重点是其结构及其在热催化，电催化和光催化中的应用。我们还将比较结果并总结本次回顾中从工作中获得的主要见解，从而提供这一新兴领域中的挑战和前景。