Lipid metabolism is fundamental to life. In insects, it is critical, during reproduction, flight, starvation, and diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid metabolism is the fat body, which is analogous to the vertebrate adipose tissue and liver. Fat body contains various different cell types; however, adipocytes and oenocytes are the primary cells related to lipid metabolism. Lipid metabolism starts with the hydrolysis of dietary lipids, absorption of lipid monomers, followed by lipid transport from midgut to the fat body, lipogenesis or lipolysis in the fat body, and lipid transport from fat body to other sites demanding energy. Lipid metabolism is under the control of hormones, transcription factors, secondary messengers and posttranscriptional modifications. Primarily, lipogenesis is under the control of insulin‐like peptides that activate lipogenic transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins, whereas lipolysis is coordinated by the adipokinetic hormone that activates lipolytic transcription factors, such as forkhead box class O and cAMP‐response element‐binding protein. Calcium is the primary–secondary messenger affecting lipid metabolism and has different outcomes depending on the site of lipogenesis or lipolysis. Phosphorylation is central to lipid metabolism and multiple phosphorylases are involved in lipid accumulation or hydrolysis. Although most of the knowledge of insect lipid metabolism comes from the studies on the model Drosophila; other insects, in particular those with obligatory or facultative diapause, also have great potential to study lipid metabolism. The use of these models would significantly improve our knowledge of insect lipid metabolism.

中文翻译：

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进入昆虫脂质代谢世界的旅程。

脂质代谢是生命的基础。在昆虫中，在繁殖，飞行，饥饿和滞育期间至关重要。昆虫脂质代谢的协调中心是脂肪体，类似于脊椎动物的脂肪组织和肝脏。脂肪体包含各种不同的细胞类型；然而，脂肪细胞和卵母细胞是与脂质代谢有关的主要细胞。脂质代谢开始于膳食脂质的水解，脂质单体的吸收，然后是脂质从中肠向脂肪体的运输，脂肪发生或脂肪体内的脂解以及脂质从脂肪体向其他需要能量的部位的运输。脂质代谢受激素，转录因子，次级信使和转录后修饰的控制。首先，脂肪生成受胰岛素样肽的控制，该肽激活脂生性转录因子，例如固醇调节元件结合蛋白，而脂解作用则由激活脂解性转录因子的脂代谢激素（例如叉头盒O类和cAMP反应元件）协调。结合蛋白。钙是影响脂质代谢的主要-次要信使，并且根据脂肪生成或脂解的部位，其结果也有所不同。磷酸化是脂质代谢的核心，多种磷酸化酶参与脂质的积累或水解。虽然昆虫脂质代谢的大多数知识来自果蝇模型的研究；其他昆虫，特别是那些具有强制性或兼性滞育性的昆虫，也具有研究脂质代谢的巨大潜力。