The California market squid is ecologically and economically important to the California Current Ecosystem and coastal communities. However, the population undergoes periodic and large‐scale fluctuations on the order of magnitudes, largely as a result of warm ocean temperature and reduced ocean productivity related to cycles in El Niño Southern Oscillation. These fluctuations can lead to cascading trophic effects on the ecosystem, market uncertainty, and substantial revenue losses for fishing communities. In order to investigate the role that spawning behavior may play in mitigating the detrimental environmental effects on the population as well as allowing the species to capitalize during favorable ocean conditions, surveys for market squid paralarvae were conducted three times per hatching season from 2012 to 2019. The specific objectives were to (a) assess whether there was a large‐scale synchronous peak in paralarval abundance each season, (b) investigate whether market squid paralarvae were found at certain locations in similar abundances throughout the duration of a hatching season, and (c) to understand the influence of oceanographic parameters, such as zooplankton availability, sea surface temperature, and chl‐a on paralarvae abundance during each hatching season. Adaptable spawning strategies that varied over time were observed. Market squid displayed large‐scale synchronous spawning during cool and productive oceanographic conditions; protracted spawning was observed during warm and oligotrophic conditions. No overall site fidelity was observed across all effort, but during two seasons where habitat compression was possible, market squid consistently spawned in certain areas. Generalized additive models were used to explore the effects of a small set of oceanographic variables on paralarval density on a seasonal basis. Sea surface temperature and geographic variables were generally the most important variables. These findings indicate that market squid spawning behaviors and habitat are adaptable and dependent on oceanography and population density.

中文翻译：

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通过对南加州湾的副产卵观察，推断出加州市场鱿鱼（Doryteuthis opalescens）的动态产卵模式，2012–2019年

加州市场鱿鱼对加州当前的生态系统和沿海社区在生态和经济上都很重要。但是，人口经历周期性和大规模的数量级波动，这主要是由于温暖的海洋温度和与厄尔尼诺南方涛动周期有关的海洋生产力下降所致。这些波动可能导致对生态系统的级联营养效应，市场不确定性以及捕捞社区的大量收入损失。为了调查产卵行为在减轻不利于环境的影响对种群的影响以及允许该物种在有利的海洋条件下获利的作用，从2012年至2019年每个孵化季节进行了3次市场鱿鱼副卵的调查。一种在每个孵化季节的幼虫丰富度。观察到了随时间变化的适应性产卵策略。市场鱿鱼在凉爽多产的海洋条件下显示出大规模的同步产卵；在温暖和贫营养的条件下观察到长时间产卵。在所有努力中，均未观察到总体场地保真度，但在可能压缩栖息地的两个季节中，市场鱿鱼在某些区域持续产卵。通用的加性模型用于探讨少量海洋变量对季节性寄生虫密度的影响。海面温度和地理变量通常是最重要的变量。这些发现表明，市场鱿鱼的产卵行为和栖息地是适应性强的，并取决于海洋学和人口密度。