Recent researches in electrical grids and networks fraternity are directed toward the integration of Microgrid (MG) technologies across the consumer's end. Nowadays, conventional power grid networks are obsolete due to its difficulty of control and protection when many numbers of distributed generations are used. MGs thus acts as a viable solution replacing the conventional grid as it provides integrating platform for Microsources, loads, Electrical Energy Storage Devices and Power Electronic Devices at the demand end within a small locality. MGs are capable of operating either in grid connected or autonomous mode of operation during a faulted situation. However, the system's stability, reliability, and operational control is of extreme concern basically during the islanded mode of operation. Regardless of that, very notable real time implementation and commercial use of MGs are yet to be deployed. This research article brings out a comprehensive review of various challenges and issues related to installation of MG, different controllers for power flow control, idea about the protection system, role of MGs in realizing smart grids (SGs), its major shortcomings, and future prospects.

中文翻译：

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关于问题，调查，控制和保护趋势，技术挑战以及微电网技术未来方向的全面回顾

电网和网络博爱的最新研究针对整个消费者端的Microgrid（MG）技术的集成。如今，常规电网已经过时，因为当使用许多分布式发电时，其难以控制和保护。因此，MGs代替了传统的网格，是一种可行的解决方案，因为它为小范围内需求端的微源，负载，电能存储设备和电力电子设备提供了集成平台。在故障情况下，MG能够以并网或自主运行模式运行。但是，基本上在孤岛式操作模式下，系统的稳定性，可靠性和操作控制是极为重要的。不管怎么说 MG的非常显着的实时实现和商业使用尚未部署。这篇研究文章全面审查了与安装MG，各种功率控制器有关的各种挑战和问题，关于功率流控制的控制器，关于保护系统的想法，MG在实现智能电网（SG）中的作用，其主要缺点以及未来前景。