The large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) is an important pest of young forest stands in Europe. Larvae develop under the bark of freshly cut pine and spruce stumps, but maturing weevils feed on the bark of coniferous seedlings. Such seedlings frequently die because of bark consumption near the root collar. We tested the effect of three treatments (the insecticide alpha cypermethrin, a wax coating and a glue coating) on the feeding damage caused by H. abietis on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings under semi‐natural conditions. In two experiments (one in 2016 and another in 2017) seedlings in cages were subjected to pine weevil feeding for 16 weeks under shaded outdoor conditions. The experiment in 2016 compared insecticide and wax treatments and an untreated control on Douglas fir and Norway spruce, and the experiment in 2017 compared insecticide, wax and glue treatments and an untreated control on Norway spruce. In both experiments, all treatments significantly reduced H. abietis feeding damage at week 8 at the end of both experiments (week 16); the effect of treatments was significant only on spruce seedlings. The damages on Douglas fir seedlings was less on treated seedlings than on untreated control seedlings but differences were not significant. Coating stems with glue and especially with wax was generally effective at reducing weevil damage and in most cases provided control that was not significantly different from that provided by insecticide treatment. Our results suggest that a wax coating has the potential to replace the protection of seedlings provided by insecticides.

中文翻译：

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非农药替代品，可减少大松象鼻虫（Hylobius abietis L.）对饲料造成的损害

大松象鼻虫（Hylobius abietis L.）是欧洲幼林的重要害虫。幼虫在鲜切的松树和云杉树皮的树皮下发育，但成熟的象鼻虫以针叶树苗的树皮为食。这种树苗经常死于根颈附近的树皮。我们测试了三种处理方法（杀虫剂α-氯氰菊酯，蜡涂层和胶水涂层）对由H. abietis对道格拉斯冷杉（Pseudotsuga menziesii）和挪威云杉（Picea abies）造成的进食伤害的影响）在半自然条件下的幼苗。在两个实验中（一个在2016年，另一个在2017年），在阴凉的室外条件下对笼中的幼苗进行松树象鼻虫饲养16周。2016年的实验比较了道格拉斯冷杉和挪威云杉的杀虫剂和蜡处理以及未处理的对照，2017年的实验比较了挪威的云杉杀虫剂，蜡和胶处理和未经处理的对照。在两个实验中，所有治疗均显着降低了姬松茸在两个实验结束时（第16周）在第8周喂食。处理的效果仅对云杉幼苗显着。处理后的幼苗对花旗松幼苗的伤害要小于未处理的对照幼苗，但差异不显着。用胶水，特别是用蜡包衣茎通常可以有效减少象鼻虫的伤害，并且在大多数情况下，所提供的控制与杀虫剂处理所提供的控制没有显着差异。我们的结果表明，蜡涂层有​​可能取代杀虫剂对幼苗的保护。