Kikuyugrass [Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone] is considered either an invasive weed or the desired species on many golf courses, athletic fields, and other turf areas along coastal and inland California. A field study was conducted at the University of California, Riverside in 2012 and 2013 on ‘Whittet’ kikuyugrass mowed at 11 mm to identify management practices for producing sufficient turf quality and optimal playing conditions for golf course fairways and athletic fields. The study evaluated the effect of mowing frequency (three vs. six times per week), cultivation practice (verticutting vs. grooming), applications of trinexapac‐ethyl (TE), and nitrogen fertilization rates (96 vs. 240 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) on turf quality, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), turf firmness, ball roll distance (BRD), and tensile strength. Mowing six times per week produced the highest turf quality turf during summer when kikuyugrass grows most vigorously, while trends were not clear for cultivation practice effects on turf visual quality. However, verticutting twice per year produced the least scalped and firmest turf, while decreasing BRD. Application of TE increased turf quality, NDVI, and BRD, but decreased tensile strength of the sward. Slightly higher turf quality was detected in plots fertilized at 240 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ compared to those fertilized with the low N rate (6.0 vs. 5.8), but results do not seem to justify higher N fertility. Overall, results demonstrated that kikuyugrass available in California could benefit from high input management practices such as TE applications, high mowing frequency, and verticutting.

中文翻译：

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最佳菊苣草品质和演奏条件的管理实践

Kikuyugrass [ Cenchrus clandestinus（Hochst。ex Chiov。）Morrone]在加利福尼亚州沿海和内陆的许多高尔夫球场，运动场和其他草皮地区被认为是一种入侵性杂草或所需物种。分别于2012年和2013年在加州大学河滨分校对11毫米割草的“ Whittet” kikuyugrass进行了田野研究，以确定可为高尔夫球场球道和运动场生产足够草皮质量和最佳比赛条件的管理方法。该研究评估了割草频率（每周3次，每次6次），耕作方式（削皮与修饰），使用抗倒酯（TE）以及施氮量（96 kg。vs 240 kg N ha ^{-1）的影响。} yr ^-1），草皮质量，归一化植被指数（NDVI），草皮硬度，滚球距离（BRD）和抗张强度。在夏季，菊苣生长最旺盛的夏季，每周割草六次，产生的草皮质量最高，而种植实践对草皮视觉质量的影响尚不清楚。但是，每年两次削皮生产的皮草最少且最牢固，同时降低了BRD。TE的应用提高了草皮质量，NDVI和BRD，但降低了草皮的抗张强度。在240 kg N ha ^-1 yr ^-1施肥的地块中检测到草皮质量略高与低氮肥（6.0 vs. 5.8）相比，但结果似乎不能证明较高的氮肥。总体而言，结果表明，加利福尼亚州提供的菊苣苔可以受益于高投入管理实践，例如TE应用，高修剪频率和垂直修剪。