Pest management of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium spp.) agroecosystems has become a major concern in several countries of the Americas. In this review, we report an overview on geographical distribution, injury, damage and methods used to control (plant resistance mechanisms, biological control) the most important stink bugs in the Americas, with an emphasis on Brazil, the implications of the trend towards decreased susceptibility of stink bug populations to insecticides and the current difficulties of the management of these insect pests. Currently, the Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros (Fabricius) is less susceptible to organophosphate insecticides than in the past. A slight reduction in E. heros susceptibility to pyrethroids and, to a lesser extent, to neonicotinoids has also been observed. In addition, the green‐belly stink bug [Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas)] is more tolerant to the three classes of insecticides (neonicotinoids, organophosphates and pyrethroids) than E. heros. Metabolic detoxification is involved in organophosphate, neonicotinoid and pyrethroid differences in susceptibility. Restricted availability of insecticides with different modes of action could favour the selection of resistant phenotypes in stink bug populations.

中文翻译：

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商品作物中臭虫种群（半翅目：五足科）的流行、损害、管理和杀虫剂抗性

对大豆 [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]、玉米 (Zea mays L.) 和棉花 (Gossypium spp.) 农业生态系统中的臭虫（半翅目：Pentatomidae）进行害虫管理已成为美洲几个国家的主要问题。在这篇综述中，我们概述了地理分布、伤害、损害和用于控制（植物抗性机制、生物控制）美洲最重要的臭虫的方法，重点是巴西，趋势减少的影响臭虫种群对杀虫剂的敏感性以及目前管理这些害虫的困难。目前，新热带棕色臭虫 Euschistus heros (Fabricius) 对有机磷杀虫剂的敏感性低于过去。E. heros 对拟除虫菊酯的敏感性略有降低，并且在较小程度上，还观察到对新烟碱类的影响。此外，绿腹臭虫 [Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas)] 对三类杀虫剂（新烟碱类、有机磷类和拟除虫菊酯类）的耐受性高于 E. heros。代谢解毒涉及有机磷、新烟碱类和拟除虫菊酯的易感性差异。具有不同作用模式的杀虫剂的有限可用性可能有利于在臭虫种群中选择抗性表型。