The paper presents a review of testing methods, a proposal for classifying the strategies, and tools applied in the monitoring of concrete bridges, the required consistent taxonomy of defects, and also the degradation mechanisms that are typical for such structures. Two main strategies of bridge monitoring are distinguished and described: inspection‐based monitoring and device‐based monitoring. The basic functional components of both types of monitoring systems are also presented. Monitoring methods, including nondestructive and semi‐destructive techniques, as well as various types of sensors based on physical, chemical, and biological technologies, are discussed and classified. The general rules of the implementation and operation of bridge monitoring systems are presented while taking into account the results of international research projects and contemporary practical experience. The considered issues are related to the fib Model Code 2020 (MC2020), which focuses on the evaluation of structural performance and which is assisted by monitoring and testing.

中文翻译：

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监控混凝土桥梁的策略和工具

本文介绍了测试方法的综述，对策略进行分类的建议以及用于混凝土桥梁监测的工具，所需的一致缺陷分类法，以及此类结构的典型退化机理。区分并描述了两种主要的桥梁监视策略：基于检查的监视和基于设备的监视。还介绍了两种类型的监视系统的基本功能组件。讨论和分类了包括无损和半损技术以及基于物理，化学和生物技术的各种类型的传感器的监测方法。介绍了桥梁监控系统实施和运行的一般规则，同时考虑了国际研究项目的结果和当代实践经验。所考虑的问题与fib模型代码2020（MC2020），其重点是对结构性能的评估，并辅以监测和测试。