Management and research of moose (Alces alces) in Alaska, USA, often require chemical immobilization; however, moose may be prone to capture‐induced hyperthermia while immobilized. We chemically immobilized moose with carfentanil citrate and xylazine hydrochloride to measure rump fat depth, collect blood and fecal samples, and to deploy modified vaginal implant transmitters and global positioning system (GPS)‐collars for recording body temperature and movement during and after the chemical immobilization. We predicted wild moose pursued and captured from a helicopter would have elevated body temperature at time of capture, whereas body temperature would remain stable in hand‐raised captive moose not pursued and only hand‐injected for immobilization. Additionally, we expected post‐capture body temperature would be a function of activity, time immobilized, and ambient temperature. As predicted, body temperature of wild moose was elevated 1 hour after capture (38.9°C, 95% CI = 38.7–39.1°C) but returned to baseline levels within 3 hours (38.0°C, 95% CI = 37.9–38.1°C); however, body temperatures then rose above baseline levels and remained elevated 12–48 hours post‐capture when movement rates were also elevated. Body temperatures in captive moose were not elevated 1‐hour post‐immobilization (37.9°C, 95% CI = 37.8–38.0°C). Body temperatures of wild moose were positively related to cortisol levels at time of capture. Two moose that died after immobilization had initial body temperatures similar to other immobilized moose; however, their body temperature began to rise at 17 hours and 40 hours post‐immobilization. Our study provides evidence that chemical immobilization affects body temperature and movement of wild moose up to 48 hours after capture, possibly as a result of renarcotization from carfentanil citrate. With advancements in technology, we recommend fine‐scale GPS data (<1‐hr fix rates) and continuous body temperature be evaluated to detect evidence of renarcotization during and after opioid‐based captures of northern ungulates. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译：

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驼鹿对化学固定的急性热应激反应

驼鹿（Alces alces）的管理与研究。）在美国阿拉斯加，通常需要化学固定剂；但是，在固定状态下，驼鹿可能易于捕获引起的体温过高。我们将枸car酸芬太尼和盐酸赛拉嗪化学固定在驼鹿上，以测量臀部脂肪深度，采集血液和粪便样品，并部署改良的阴道植入物发射器和全球定位系统（GPS）项圈，以记录化学固定期间和之后的体温和运动。我们预测，从直升飞机追逐并捕获的野生麋鹿在捕获时会升高体温，而在没有追捕而只为固定而手工注射的人工饲养的圈养麋鹿中，体温将保持稳定。此外，我们预计捕获后的体温将是活动，固定时间和环境温度的函数。如预期的那样 捕获后1小时，野麋的体温升高（38.9°C，95％CI = 38.7-39.1°C），但在3小时内恢复到基线水平（38.0°C，95％CI = 37.9-38.1°C）；但是，随后体温上升到基线水平以上，并在捕获后12-48小时内运动速度也提高了。固定后1小时，圈养驼鹿的体温没有升高（37.9°C，95％CI = 37.8-38.0°C）。捕获时，野麋的体温与皮质醇水平呈正相关。固定后死亡的两只驼鹿的初始体温与其他固定驼鹿相似。但是，在固定后的17小时和40小时，他们的体温开始升高。我们的研究提供了证据，表明化学固定化会在捕获后长达48小时内影响体温和野麋的移动，这可能是由于枸car酸卡芬太尼重新麻醉所致。随着技术的进步，我们建议使用精细的GPS数据（<1小时固定速率）并评估连续的体温，以检测基于阿片类药物捕获北部有蹄类动物期间和之后的再次麻醉的证据。©2020野生动物协会。