Plum sawflies are among the most damaging pests of European plum. Current control strategy implies insecticide application. Three species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, S. carpocapsae Weiser and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar were tested under laboratory and field conditions to assess effectiveness against larval and adult stages. Laboratory tests resulted in up to 100% mortality of last instar larvae before construction of a cocoon. However, the nematodes were not able to penetrate the cocoon. Foliar application did not result in plum sawflies larvae infestation by EPNs. Under field conditions, the nematodes reduced the number of emerging adults by application against sawfly larvae in the previous year before migration into the soil for overwintering by 62%–92%. Application of the nematodes against adults just before their anticipated emergence resulted in reduction of fruit infestation up to 100%. Mean results of 5 trials using caged trees were 47.8% with S. feltiae, 56.3% with S. carpocapsae and 62.9% with H. bacteriophora. In open field trails, control of adults obtained with S. feltiae at 0.5 million nematodes/m2 was 98.2 and 67.8% and at 0.25 million m−2 41.7 and 41.2%. Forecasting adult emergence and optimal soil moisture conditions are essential for success of the nematode application.

中文翻译：

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昆虫病原线虫控制 Plum Sawflies ( Hoplocampa minuta 和 H. flava )

李子叶蝇是欧洲李子中最具破坏性的害虫之一。当前的控制策略意味着使用杀虫剂。在实验室和野外条件下测试了三种昆虫病原线虫 (EPN)、Steinernema Feeliae Filipjev、S. carpocapsae Weiser 和 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar，以评估对幼虫和成虫阶段的有效性。实验室测试导致最后一龄幼虫在结茧前的死亡率高达 100%。然而，线虫无法穿透茧。叶面喷施不会导致 EPN 对李子叶蝇幼虫的侵染。在田间条件下，线虫在迁移到土壤中越冬之前的前一年通过针对锯蝇幼虫的应用减少了成虫的数量，减少了 62%–92%。就在成虫预期出现之前，将线虫用于成虫可使果实侵染减少达 100%。使用笼树进行的 5 次试验的平均结果为，毡毛毡霉菌为 47.8%，果皮葡萄球菌为 56.3%，细菌菌为 62.9%。在开阔的田间小径中，用 50 万条线虫/m2 获得的成虫控制率为 98.2 和 67.8%，在 25 万米-2 时获得的控制率为 41.7 和 41.2%。预测成虫出现和最佳​​土壤水分条件对于线虫应用的成功至关重要。500 万条线虫/平方米为 98.2 和 67.8%，25 万平方米为 41.7 和 41.2%。预测成虫出现和最佳​​土壤水分条件对于线虫应用的成功至关重要。500 万条线虫/平方米为 98.2 和 67.8%，25 万平方米为 41.7 和 41.2%。预测成虫出现和最佳​​土壤水分条件对于线虫应用的成功至关重要。