The invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is considered one of the most harmful pests in corn, rice and cotton crops and has developed resistance to the most widespread methods used to control it, chemical insecticides and transgenic crops based on Bt toxins. On the other hand, gut microbiota plays an important role in the insect's fitness, and metatranscriptomic analyses of the insect host are an invaluable tool for identifying new pest control targets. Notwithstanding, there are extremely few reports on the functionally active profile of the gut microbiota in insects, especially in lepidopterans. Moreover, most studies have only described the bacterial community even though all the components of the microbiota, Bacteria, Archaea, fungi, protozoa and viruses, influence different physiological aspects of the insect host. This is the first time an unbiased and comprehensive metatranscriptomic approach has been used to describe the taxonomic and functional profile of the gut microbiota of S. frugiperda larvae, both bacterial and non‐bacterial. We identified novel and very active components which were putatively playing an important nutritional role, such as ammonia‐oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria, and a xylan‐ and hemicellulose‐degrading Actinobacteria. This analysis also allowed us to identify potential biocontrol agents.

中文翻译：

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宏转录组学分析揭示草地夜蛾（JE Smith）幼虫的肠道微生物群

入侵性秋粘虫草地贪夜蛾（JE Smith；鳞翅目：夜蛾科）被认为是玉米、水稻和棉花作物中最有害的害虫之一，并且已经对用于控制它的最广泛的方法、化学杀虫剂和转基因作物产生了抗性基于 Bt 毒素。另一方面，肠道微生物群在昆虫的健康中起着重要作用，昆虫宿主的宏转录组学分析是确定新的害虫防治目标的宝贵工具。尽管如此，关于昆虫肠道微生物群功能活性谱的报道极少，尤其是鳞翅目昆虫。此外，大多数研究只描述了细菌群落，尽管微生物群的所有成分、细菌、古细菌、真菌、原生动物和病毒，影响昆虫宿主的不同生理方面。这是第一次使用公正和全面的宏转录组学方法来描述草地贪夜蛾幼虫（细菌和非细菌）肠道微生物群的分类和功能特征。我们确定了新的和非常活跃的成分，这些成分被认为具有重要的营养作用，例如氨氧化古细菌和细菌，以及降解木聚糖和半纤维素的放线菌。该分析还使我们能够识别潜在的生物防治剂。我们确定了新的和非常活跃的成分，这些成分被认为具有重要的营养作用，例如氨氧化古细菌和细菌，以及降解木聚糖和半纤维素的放线菌。该分析还使我们能够识别潜在的生物防治剂。我们确定了新的和非常活跃的成分，这些成分被认为具有重要的营养作用，例如氨氧化古细菌和细菌，以及降解木聚糖和半纤维素的放线菌。该分析还使我们能够识别潜在的生物防治剂。