Field observations have shown that a substantial portion of peanut leaves abscise in windrows during pod curing, leading to an uneven distribution of leaves and stems when intact residues are spread during harvest. Possible differences in nitrogen (N) mineralization rates between peanut leaf and stem residues may lead to spatial and temporal variability in available N during subsequent crops. The objective of this study was to quantify N mineralization in soil amended with different peanut residue components under simulated conventional and conservation tillage practices. A 252‐day microlysimeter incubation was conducted in which peanut leaves, stems and a 1:1 mixture of leaves:stems from three varieties were incorporated or placed on the soil surface to simulate conventional or conservation tillage, respectively. Soils were periodically leached to assess N mineralization compared with a soil‐only control. Nitrogen mineralization was only affected by residue component. Averaged over variety and residue placement, soil amended with leaves mineralized 10% more N relative to the control or soil containing stems. It was estimated that leaves supplied 25 kg N ha⁻¹ over 252 days at 0–15 cm soil depth, which would likely be insufficient to induce a yield response by a subsequent crop. This study suggests that uneven distribution of peanut leaf and stem residues following harvest causes only minor spatial and temporal variability in available N during subsequent crop growth. These results support the growing body of evidence indicating that peanut residue N contributions to subsequent crops are negligible in the peanut basin of the south‐eastern USA.

中文翻译：

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花生残留物在美国花生盆地的主要土壤系列中提供最少的植物可用氮

田间观察表明，在豆荚固化过程中，很大一部分花生叶在草垛中脱落，导致在收获期间散布完整残留物时叶和茎的分布不均。花生叶和茎残留物之间氮 (N) 矿化率的可能差异可能导致后续作物期间可用氮的时空变异。本研究的目的是在模拟常规耕作和保护性耕作实践下，量化用不同花生残留物成分改良的土壤中的氮矿化。进行了为期 252 天的微渗析仪培养，其中花生叶、茎和 1:1 的混合叶：来自三个品种的茎被掺入或放置在土壤表面，分别模拟常规耕作或保护性耕作。与纯土壤对照相比，定期浸出土壤以评估 N 矿化。氮矿化仅受残渣成分影响。对品种和残留物放置的平均值，相对于对照或含有茎的土壤，用叶子改良的土壤使 N 矿化多 10%。据估计，在 0-15 厘米土壤深度下，叶子在 252 天内提供了 25 千克 N ha⁻¹，这可能不足以引起后续作物的产量响应。这项研究表明，收获后花生叶和茎残留物的不均匀分布仅导致随后作物生长期间可用氮的微小空间和时间变化。这些结果支持越来越多的证据表明，在美国东南部的花生盆地，花生残留氮对后续作物的贡献可以忽略不计。