Accessibility, measuring the ease of reaching potential destinations, is increasingly being considered as an effective indicator to evaluate the performance of transport and land use interactions. Primal accessibility, a generalization of the first accessibility formulation proposed by Hansen, has been widely used in many studies and demonstrated to be a reliable tool for project, program, and policy evaluation. The dual of accessibility, measuring the time required to reach a given number of opportunities, is less often considered but can be used for optimization in location covering‐type problems. This article, hence, clarifies the definitions of primal and dual access, and applies both measures to the Minneapolis—St. Paul metropolitan area for auto and transit to demonstrate their practicality as a metropolitan‐level measurement. We explore the correlations and differences between the primal and dual access to better understand the relative strengths of the measures. It is found that, as with primal accessibility, dual accessibility is an efficient approach to evaluate accessibility, which is straightforward to calculate and to explain to policy‐makers and the public.

中文翻译：

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原始访问和双重访问

可达性，衡量到达潜在目的地的难易程度，越来越被认为是评估运输和土地利用相互作用表现的有效指标。原始可访问性是Hansen提出的第一个可访问性公式的概括，已在许多研究中得到广泛使用，并被证明是用于项目，程序和政策评估的可靠工具。可访问性的双重性（衡量达到给定数量的机会所需的时间）的方法很少考虑，但可用于优化位置覆盖类型问题。因此，本文阐明了原始访问和双重访问的定义，并将这两种措施都应用到了明尼阿波利斯-圣保罗。保罗大都会地区的汽车和公共交通，以证明其作为大都会水平测量的实用性。我们探索原始访问和双重访问之间的相关性和差异，以更好地了解这些措施的相对优势。发现，与原始可访问性一样，双重可访问性是评估可访问性的有效方法，它很容易计算并向决策者和公众解释。