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Establishing an effective offset‐dependent velocity model by ray tracing and its application in Kirchhoff time migration
Geophysical Prospecting ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-25 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.12931
Guiting Chen 1, 2, 3 , Zhenli Wang 1, 2 , Oluwatosin John Rotimi 1, 2 , Suyang Zhang 1, 2
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Conventional Kirchhoff prestack time migration based on the hyperbolic moveout can cause ambiguity in laterally inhomogeneous media, because the root mean square velocity corresponds to a one‐dimensional model under the horizontal layer assumption; it does not include the lateral variations. The shot/receiver configuration with different offsets and azimuths should adopt different migration velocities as they contribute to a single image point. Therefore, we propose to use an offset‐vector to describe the lateral variations through an offset‐dependent velocity corresponding to the difference in offset from surface points to the image point. The offset‐vector is decomposed into orthogonal directions along the in‐line and cross‐line directions so that the single velocity can be expressed as a series of actual velocities. We use a simple Snell's law‐based ray tracing to calculate the travel time recorded at the image point and convert the travel time to an equivalent velocity corresponding to a pseudo‐straight ray. The double‐square‐root equation using such an equivalent velocity in the offset‐vector domain is non‐hyperbolic and asymmetrical, which improves the accuracy of the migration. Numerical examples using the Marmousi model and a wide azimuth field data show that the proposed method can achieve reasonable accuracy and significantly enhances the imaging of complex structures.

中文翻译:

通过射线追踪建立有效的偏移依赖速度模型及其在基尔霍夫时间偏移中的应用

摘要 基于双曲线时差的常规基尔霍夫叠前时间偏移会导致横向不均匀介质中的模糊,因为均方根速度对应于水平层假设下的一维模型;它不包括横向变化。具有不同偏移量和方位角的发射/接收器配置应采用不同的迁移速度,因为它们对单个图像点有贡献。因此,我们建议使用偏移矢量来通过与从表面点到图像点的偏移量差异相对应的偏移相关速度来描述横向变化。偏移矢量沿直线和交叉线方向分解为正交方向,以便单个速度可以表示为一系列实际速度。我们使用简单的基于斯涅尔定律的射线追踪来计算在图像点记录的旅行时间,并将旅行时间转换为对应于伪直线射线的等效速度。在偏移矢量域中使用这种等效速度的双平方根方程是非双曲和不对称的,这提高了偏移的精度。使用 Marmousi 模型和宽方位角场数据的数值例子表明,所提出的方法可以达到合理的精度,并显着增强了复杂结构的成像。在偏移矢量域中使用这种等效速度的双平方根方程是非双曲和不对称的,这提高了偏移的精度。使用 Marmousi 模型和宽方位角场数据的数值例子表明,所提出的方法可以达到合理的精度,并显着增强了复杂结构的成像。在偏移矢量域中使用这种等效速度的双平方根方程是非双曲和不对称的,这提高了偏移的精度。使用 Marmousi 模型和宽方位角场数据的数值例子表明,所提出的方法可以达到合理的精度,并显着增强了复杂结构的成像。
更新日期:2020-02-25
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