This study investigated the effect of replacing corn grain, soybean meal and wheat bran with tropical agricultural by‐products, such as palm kernel cake (PKC), cassava residue and dried distiller's grain with solubles (DDGS), on the dry matter intake (DMI), growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, ruminal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and ruminal microbial communities of water buffaloes. Thirty healthy 15‐month‐old crossbred water buffaloes with a similar initial body weight of 353.1 ± 23.7 kg were randomly allocated into three dietary experimental groups, and they were fed with same forage but three different concentrates for 50 days fattening. The dietary treatments were as following: typical concentrate (TC, 65% corn + 15% wheat bran + 15% soybean meal), partial replacement concentrate Ⅰ (PRC I, 50% corn + 22.5% corn gluten + 22.5% PKC) and partial replacement concentrate Ⅱ (PRC II, 50% corn + 22.5% cassava residue + 22.5% DDGS). The results showed that the average daily gain of the PRC II group was the highest, and the DMI, acid detergent fibre digestibility and neutral detergent fibre digestibility value of the three groups were different and in the following order: PRC II group > TC group > PRC I group. The crude protein digestibility of PRC II was higher than that of the TC and PRC I groups (p < .05). The ruminal concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate and butyrate of TC group were higher than the other two groups (p < .05). The PRC I group had the highest Bacteroidetes‐to‐Firmicutes ratio (B/F) and relative abundance of the genus Prevotella , while the PRC II group had the lowest B/F and relative abundance of Prevotella . In conclusion, using PKC and corn gluten to completely replace common feed ingredients in the buffalo concentrate ration decreased, while using cassava residue and DDGS increased animal growth performance, mainly due to the different combination influenced nutrient digestibility and ruminal microbial community composition was shifted.

中文翻译：

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用热带农业副产品代替常规饲料对水牛的生长性能，养分消化率和瘤胃微生物群的影响。

这项研究调查了用热带农业副产品（如棕榈仁饼（PKC），木薯渣和干酒糟（可溶物）（DDGS））替代玉米谷物，豆粕和麦麸对干物质摄入量（DMI）的影响），生长性能，表观营养物质消化率，水牛的瘤胃短链脂肪酸（SCFA）和瘤胃微生物群落。将30头初始体重类似353.1±23.7千克的15个月大健康杂种水牛随机分为三个饮食实验组，分别饲喂相同的草料和三种不同的浓缩液，以进行50天育肥。饮食处理方法如下：典型浓缩物（TC，65％玉米+ 15％麦麸+ 15％豆粕），部分替代浓缩物Ⅰ（PRC I，50％玉米+ 22）。5％的玉米蛋白+ 22.5％的PKC）和部分替代浓缩物Ⅱ（PRC II，50％的玉米+ 22.5％的木薯残渣+ 22.5％的DDGS）。结果显示，PRC II组的平均日增重最高，三组的DMI，酸性洗涤剂纤维消化率和中性洗涤剂纤维消化率值不同，并依次为：PRC II组> TC组> PRC I组。PRC II的粗蛋白消化率高于TC和PRC I组（p <.05）。TC组的总SCFA，乙酸盐，丙酸盐和丁酸盐的瘤胃浓度高于其他两组（p <.05）。PRC I组的拟杆菌与拟杆菌比率（B / F）和属的相对丰度最高 5％DDGS）。结果显示，PRC II组的平均日增重最高，三组的DMI，酸性洗涤剂纤维消化率和中性洗涤剂纤维消化率值不同，并依次为：PRC II组> TC组> PRC I组。PRC II的粗蛋白消化率高于TC和PRC I组（p <.05）。TC组的总SCFA，乙酸盐，丙酸盐和丁酸盐的瘤胃浓度高于其他两组（p <.05）。PRC I组的拟杆菌与拟杆菌比率（B / F）和属的相对丰度最高 5％DDGS）。结果显示，PRC II组的平均日增重最高，三组的DMI，酸性洗涤剂纤维消化率和中性洗涤剂纤维消化率值不同，并依次为：PRC II组> TC组> PRC I组。PRC II的粗蛋白消化率高于TC和PRC I组（p <.05）。TC组的总SCFA，乙酸盐，丙酸盐和丁酸盐的瘤胃浓度高于其他两组（p <.05）。PRC I组的拟杆菌与拟杆菌比率（B / F）和属的相对丰度最高 三组酸性洗涤剂纤维的消化率和中性洗涤剂纤维的消化率值不同，并依次为：PRC II组> TC组> PRC I组。PRC II的粗蛋白消化率高于TC和PRC I组（p <.05）。TC组的总SCFA，乙酸盐，丙酸盐和丁酸盐的瘤胃浓度高于其他两组（p <.05）。PRC I组的拟杆菌与拟杆菌比率（B / F）和属的相对丰度最高 三组酸性洗涤剂纤维的消化率和中性洗涤剂纤维的消化率值不同，并依次为：PRC II组> TC组> PRC I组。PRC II的粗蛋白消化率高于TC和PRC I组（p <.05）。TC组的总SCFA，乙酸盐，丙酸盐和丁酸盐的瘤胃浓度高于其他两组（p <.05）。PRC I组的拟杆菌与拟杆菌比率（B / F）和属的相对丰度最高 TC组的丙酸盐和丁酸盐高于其他两组（p <.05）。PRC I组的拟杆菌与拟杆菌比率（B / F）和属的相对丰度最高 TC组的丙酸盐和丁酸盐高于其他两组（p <.05）。PRC I组的拟杆菌与拟杆菌比率（B / F）和属的相对丰度最高普氏菌，而PRC II组具有最低的B / F和相对丰度普雷沃。总之，使用PKC和玉米面筋来完全替代水牛精饲料中的常用饲料成分会降低，而使用木薯残渣和DDGS会提高动物的生长性能，这主要是由于不同的组合影响了养分消化率和瘤胃微生物群落组成发生了变化。