Tree uprooting plays an important role in hillslope evolution. The geomorphological impact of tree uprooting after a foehn wind occurrence, in December 2013 in the Tatra Mountains, was investigated. Geomorphological mapping was conducted in three watersheds. Additionally, in one of the watersheds, 459 windthrow pits were measured, in an area of 6.4 ha. The mean volume of a pit was 2.41 m³, and the mean surface area was 5.47 m². 3.9% of the area was affected by windthrow pits, however locally the magnitude of changes was significantly higher, reaching up to 14.5% of the surface area. Slope inclination weakly influenced the effects of uprooting, and a decrease in the average depth of pits on steep slopes was observed. Individual windthrow pits (five cases) initiated the activity of geomorphological processes, and two cases of periodic springs were noted. Changes in the relief of small landforms caused by tree uprooting were documented. Windthrow creation facilitated the delivery of the soil material from the slopes into the channels.

中文翻译：

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南波兰塔特拉山的一次风吹事件引起的山坡内的地貌变化

树木连根拔起在山坡发育中起重要作用。2013年12月，在塔特拉山（Tatra Mountains），发生风风后树木连根拔起对地貌的影响进行了调查。在三个流域进行了地貌测绘。此外，在其中一个流域中，在6.4公顷的面积中测量了459个抛掷坑。坑的平均体积为2.41 m ³，平均表面积为5.47 m ²。3.9％的面积受到风坑的影响，但是局部变化的幅度明显更高，达到表面积的14.5％。斜坡的倾斜度对连根拔起的影响较弱，并且在陡峭的斜坡上观察到了凹坑平均深度的减小。单个风坑（5个）引发了地貌过程的活动，并记录了2个周期性弹簧的情况。记录了树木连根拔起引起的小型地形起伏变化。风吹的产生促进了土壤材料从斜坡到河道的输送。